深地医学研究新进展

Research progress of deep-underground medicine

世界主要矿业大国相继进入深部开采,我国的深部资源开采也已经成为新常态。然而,深地作业环境,尤其是1000 m以下,对矿业工人等深地作业人群的生理、心理以及病理的影响规律及其作用机制基本处于空白。基于前期的调研、初步研究成果,提出深地医学新概念;即系统研究深地环境因素对人的生理、病理以及心理影响程度及其潜在机制,也即深地的物质和空间健康效应,并探索对深地有害影响因素的防护措施,有益环境因素开发利用的专门学科。从医学视角深入分析了深井矿业工程作业环境的基本特征,本底辐射随深度逐渐下降、温度湿度随深度增加、氡气浓度尚在安全范围之内。发现矿井深部低本底辐射环境可以明显抑制正常细胞与癌细胞的生长速度,如喉癌细胞在地表培养2 d后细胞增加37.73%,而地下组仅增长7.53%,深部低本底辐射环境对癌细胞的生长速度抑制更胜正常细胞,且发现核糖体、线粒体可能是细胞应答深地低本底辐射环境主要细胞器。剖析了深部矿井矿工心理和作业环境的相关关系,深井矿作业工人的状态差于健康常人,约2/3的人群伴有睡眠问题,且其不佳的心理状况与井下的不良作业环境有关。提出深地医学未来迫切需要开展的前瞻性研究课题,为今后深地医学及相关生物学、生命科学研究提供参考。

Like most mineral countries,China has aimed to develop deep earth resources.Herein,more and more miners will have to face the deep-underground work environment.However,the research on the influence of a deep underground environment on human physiology,psychology and pathology,and its mechanism basically does not exist,especially for the underground environment more than 1000 m.Therefore,in this study,the deep underground medicine was proposed,which aims to reveal the environmental eects in the deep-underground on the physiology,psychology,and pathology of human,and their mechanisms,and exploit the beneficial elements of the deep-underground,as well as explore the strategies in response to harmful factors.Meanwhile,the scientific work was summarized.From the medical perspective,the environmental parameters in the deep mines were measured.In the deep underground environment,the background radiation decreased,relative humidity and temperature increased,and the radon concentration was in the safe range.Also,the low background radiation of a deep underground environment inhibited the growth of many cells was found.For example,the FD-LSC-1 increased by 37.73%in the control group after two days of culture and only increased by 7.53%in the group in a deep underground environment.And the target cell organs of low background radiation in deep underground might be ribosome and mitochondrion.Additionally,the previous study showed that the cancer cells were more sensitive than the normal cells to the low background radiation in a deep underground environment.Moreover,the psychological health of the workers in a deep underground environment was investigated,and it showed that about 2/3 workers had a bad psychological health and poor sleep.And the poor environmental condition was related to the poor psychological health of these deep underground workers.And then,the perspective research urgently to be carried out in future was put forward.In conclusion,this could provide a reference for future deep underground medical research and service for the miners in deep mines.