基于体育素养测评的儿童基本动作技能测试体系构建与验证研究

Research on the Development and Verification of Children's Fundamental Motor Skills Test System Based on Physical Literacy Evaluation

目的:儿童基本动作技能(fundamental motor skill,FMS)测量是体育素养评价的重要组成部分,是评估、诊断、监控个体动作发展的重要指标。依据经典测量理论和动作发展理论,结合我国的语言和文化背景,研发基于体育素养评价的我国儿童基本动作技能测试体系,该体系具有简洁高效、操作性强等特点,适用于测量我国儿童的群体情况。方法:应用德尔菲法建构3~5岁和6~9岁2套儿童基本动作技能测试体系;应用测试法对651名中国上海儿童进行测量体系的可行性、信度和效度进行验证。结果:3~5岁阶段分测试项包括:10 m往返跑、双脚连续跳、踢球过障碍物、单手塞硬币、走平衡木、单脚站立;6~9岁阶段分测试项包括:侧向滑步跑、单脚连续跳、踢球过障碍物、原地换手拍球、走平衡木、倒退走直线。可行性验证中各年龄儿童的测试成绩随年龄增加而提升(P<0.05)。重测信度系数分布为0.66~0.94;内部一致性信度系数分别为0.66和0.62。结构效度中验证性因子分析的结果表明2个年龄段的模型均适配良好;同时效度显示不同年龄的分测试项有95.24%的指标与美国粗大动作发展测试(TGMD-3)存在显著相关关系(P<0.05)。结论:研究构建的儿童基本动作技能测试体系具有较好的可行性,能够准确可靠地反映我国3~9岁儿童的FMS的发展。

Objective:Children’s Fundamental Motor Skill(FMS)measurement is a core component of physical literacy assessment and an important indicator for assessing,diagnosing,and monitoring the development of individual movement.Based on the classic measurement theory and movement development theory,considering the language and cultural background of China,it was aimed to develop a FMS testing system for Chinese children based on physical literacy assessment.Methods:The Delphi method was used to construct two sets of FMS measurement systems for children aged 3 to 5 and 6 to 9 years;the reliability,validity and feasibility of the measurement system were verified on 651 children in Shanghai.Results:The sub-test items for the 3 to 5 years old stage include:10-meter round-trip running,continuous jumping with both feet,kicking the ball over obstacles,one-handed coins,walking on the balance beam,and standing on one foot;the sub-test items for the 6~9 years old stage include:sliding sideways,jumping continuously on one foot,kicking the ball over obstacles,changing hands on the spot,walking the balance beam,and walking backwards in a straight line.The test-retest reliability coefficients were 0.66 to 0.94,and the internal consistency reliability coefficients were 0.66 and 0.62,respectively.The test results of all age children in the structural validity was improved with age(P<0.05);95.24%of the sub-test items in simultaneous validity have significant correlation with the American Test of Gross Motor Development(TGMD-3)(P<0.05).Conclusions:The FMS testing system constructed in this study can be used to assess the development of FMS in Chinese children aged 3-9 years old.