烟台四十里湾浮游植物群落特征

Phytoplankton community characteristics in Sishili Bay,Yantai

于2009年3月至2010年1月对烟台四十里湾15个站进行了11个航次的浮游植物群落调查,并同步监测其它环境因子(表层水温、盐度、透明度、无机氮等)。共鉴定浮游植物3门39属82种,其中硅藻13科30属68种,是构成调查海域浮游植物群落的主要类群;甲藻7科8属13种,金藻1科1属1种。浮游植物丰度与种类多样性年度变化均呈明显的“双峰”模型,种类数最高峰出现在9月(48种),次高峰为4月(40种),5月浮游植物种类最少(12种);丰度最高值出现在10月(9264.9×10^(4)cells·m^(-3)),次高峰3月(1039.0×10^(4)cells·m^(-3)),最低值同样出现在5月(31.5×10^(4)cells·m^(-3))。调查期间优势种主要为中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、尖刺伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens)、夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)和具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)。浮游植物群落相似性在60%水平聚类分为四个类群:类群I为5月浮游植物群落,类群Ⅱ以11月至次年1月为代表的冬季浮游植物群落,类群Ⅲ为7—10月的夏秋浮游植物群落,类群Ⅳ为3、4、6月的春季浮游植物群落。多样性指数和均匀度指数分析结果表明,调查海域浮游植物的群落结构相对稳定。相关性分析及典范对应分析结果显示,浮游植物群落结构主要受表层水温、盐度、磷酸盐和无机氮等环境因素影响,其它环境因子对浮游植物群落影响较小。

Phytoplankton community structure was investigated in Sishili Bay based on 11 cruises from March 2009 to January 2010,and other environmental factors were monitored simultaneously.A total of 82 species belonging 39 genera in 3 phyla were identified from the samples.The phytoplankton community was mainly composed of Bacillariophyta(68 species,30 genera,13 families),Pyrrophyta(13 species,8 genera,7 families),and Chrysophyta(1 species,1 genera,1 family),of which,Bacillariophyta was the largest component.The yearly variation of phytoplankton abundance and species diversity both showed“double hump”distributions.The highest species richness was 48 species September,followed by 40 in April,the least was 12 in May.The phytoplankton abundance value was the highest in October(9264.9×10^(4)cells·m^(-3)),followed by in March(1039.0×10^(4)cells·m^(-3)),and the least was still detected in May(31.5×10^(4)cells·m^(-3)).Skeletonema costatum,Pseudo-nitzschia pungens,Noctiluca scintillans and Paralia sulcata were the most common species during this survey in Sishili Bay.The phytoplankton community was divided into four groups at a similarity level of 60%.Group I included phytoplankton collected in May.Phytoplankton from November to January belonged to Group.Group were comprisedⅡⅢof phytoplankton from July to October,and Group included phytoplankton in March,April and June.ⅣAnalysis results of Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou′s index demonstrated that,the phytoplankton community structure in Sishili Bay during the survey was relatively stable.Correlation analysis and canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the sea water temperature,salinity,phosphate and inorganic nitrogen were the key environmental factors affecting the phytoplankton community structure,and other environmental factors exhibited a weak influence on phytoplankton community.