基于GIS的陕北红枣生态适宜性空间分布格局研究

Study on spatial distribution pattern of ecological suitability of red jujube in Northern Shaanxi based on GIS

作物的生态适宜性空间分布格局对于掌握作物生长适宜区域具有重要的作用。陕北红枣,作为该地区的特色经济作物,其生态适宜性分布特征尚不明晰。因此,本文基于层次分析法确定适宜地形、气候、土壤及植被因子权重,通过地理信息系统(GIS)技术确定陕北地区红枣生态适宜性空间分布等级和面积。结果表明,陕北地区红枣生态适宜区自陕北南部和东南部向西北和北部地区递减,年降雨量、年积温及高程是限制红枣在陕北西北部适宜生长的主要环境因子;红枣最佳生态适宜区和次适宜区主要集中于富县、黄龙县、甘泉县及宜川县。其中,红枣最佳适宜区和次适宜区面积在富县分别达到5036.58 hm^(2)、23114.25 hm^(2),即富县是陕北红枣生态适宜性分布的最优区县。一般适宜区主要集中于延长县、绥德县、清涧县、延川县、宜川县、子洲县及宝塔区。因此,未来可以在红枣优适宜区进行精准培育种植,着重提升红枣品质。在一般适宜区增加红枣种植面积,提高红枣总产量。以期为该地区红枣优化生产提供科学依据,实现陕北精品红枣规模化发展。

Exploring the spatial distribution pattern of the ecological suitability of crop in northern Shaanxi has an important role in understanding the suitable region of crop growth.Jujube in northern Shaanxi,as a special cash crop in this region,its ecological suitability distribution characteristics is still fuzzy.As a result,the weight of the suitable terrain,climate,and soil for growing red jujube as well as vegetation factors were determined by the analytic hierarchy process in our study.The spatial distribution level and area of the ecological suitability of red jujube was determined based on geographic information system(GIS)technology.The results showed that the region with ecological suitability for growing red jujube in northern Shaanxi decreased from south and southeast to northwest and north.The annual rainfall,annual cumulative temperature and elevation were the main environmental factors restricting the suitable growth of red jujube in northwest and northern Shaanxi.The suitable region and sub-suitable region for growing red jujube were mainly concentrated in Fu County,Huanglong County,Ganquan County,and Yichuan County.In Fuxian County,the suitable and sub-suitable areas for growing red jujube were 5,036.58 hm^(2)and 23,114.25 hm^(2),respectively;these two counties were considered the most suitable for growing red jujube in northern Shaanxi.Regions that were moderately suitable for growing red jujube were mainly concentrated in Yanchang County,Suide County,Qingjian County,Yanchuan County,Yichuan County,Zizhou County,and Baota District.In the future,in order to develop high-quality land for growing red jujube in northern Shaanxi,cultivation should occur in the optimum suitable region to improve the quality of red jujube.In addition,the area in which red jujube is cultivated should be increased in the general suitable region to increase the total production of red jujube.The aim is to provide scientific basis for the optimal production of jujube in this region and to realize the large-scale development of high-quality jujube in northern Shaanxi.