新疆巩乃斯河枯、丰水期大型底栖动物群落结构与环境因子的关系

The relationship between macrobenthic community structure and environ-mental factors during dry and wet seasons in the Gongnaisi River,Xinjiang

为探究新疆巩乃斯河的生态状况,团队先后在2018年10月(枯水期)和2019年6月(丰水期)对大型底栖动物群落和环境因子进行了调查,分析大型底栖动物群落结构、功能摄食类群、生活类型组成及其与环境因子的关系。研究河段共采集到大型底栖动物40种,隶属3门4纲8目27科,主要以节肢动物门为主,其中直突摇蚊亚科(Orthocladiinae spp.)、长跗摇蚊族(Tanytansini sp.)、四节蜉属(Baeits sp.)、亚美蜉属(Ameletus sp.)和Cheilotrichia sp.是优势类群。经过分析发现枯、丰水期巩乃斯河大型底栖动物群落结构差异显著,T检验结果显示:枯水期大型底栖动物群落的生物密度和物种丰富度显著低于丰水期(P<0.05),两个时期大型底栖动物的生物多样性指数和均匀度无显著性差异(P>0.05)。巩乃斯河大型底栖动物功能摄食类群完整,枯、丰水期均以收集者为主;在生活类型方面,枯水期时固着型动物最相对丰度最大为43.20%,丰水期时蔓生型动物相对丰度最大为57.53%。经过对大型底栖动物和环境因子之间进行典范对应分析发现,水温是影响巩乃斯河大型底栖动物群落变化的关键环境因子。研究成果可为巩乃斯河后续相关研究以及伊犁河水系生态保护提供基础数据支持及参考。

In order to explore the ecological status of the Gongnaisi River in Xinjiang,the macrobenthic community structure,functional feeding groups,life types and environmental factors were investigated in October 2018(dry season)and June 2019(wet season).And 40 species of macrobenthos were collected,belonging to 3 phyla,4 classes,8 orders,27 families.The main species were arthropods.Orthocladiinae spp.and Tanytansini sp.,Baeits sp.,Ameletus sp.and Cheilotrichia sp.were the dominant groups of macrobenthos in the Gongnaisi River.There were significant differences in the macrobenthic community structure of Gongnaisi River between the dry and wet seasons.The T-test results show that the biological density and species richness of the macrobenthic community in the wet season were significantly higher than those in the dry season(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the biodiversity index and Pielou evenness index of macrobenthos between these two seasons(P>0.05).The functional feeding groups of macrobenthos in the Gongnaisi River were complete,and the collector was mainly group in both dry and wet seasons.In terms of life types,the relative abundance of clingers was 43.20%in dry season,which was the highest.And the relative abundance of sprawlers was 57.53%in wet season,which was the highest.After a canonical correspondence analysis between macrobenthos and water environment factors,it was found that water temperature was the key factor affecting the distribution of macrobenthos in the Gongnaisi River.The research results can provide basic data and reference for the follow-up related researches of the Gongnaisi River and the ecological protection of the Yili River.