铸钢摇枕、侧架以机代人打磨工艺的研究

Study on the Grinding Process of Cast Steel Bolster and Side Frame by Machine Instead of Human

铁路货车用摇枕、侧架为砂型铸钢件,铸件表面的清理打磨以人工为主,存在效率、质量、综合效益等方面的问题。本文从以机代人打磨工艺出发,开展铸件机器人打磨等应用情况的调研,研究摇枕和侧架的机器打磨工艺和生产方式。根据摇枕、侧架的产品特点和打磨需求,提出采用机床和机器人打磨的两种思路。机床模式打磨可采用机床加工的方式,带动砂轮做往复运动,进行打磨,也可根据需要,针对铸件不同的打磨位置增加不同功能的机床,按工艺流程进行布局,完成摇枕、侧架的打磨。机器人打磨方式的研究和应用已经非常普遍,但仍存在很多技术难题和成本问题。本文结合各案例进行了研究分析,并初步进行了机器人打磨工位的方案和产线设计。综合分析,以机代人的清理打磨具备效率、效益、质量和环保等多方面的优势,且有很好的经济效益与社会效益。

The bolster and side frame used in railway freight cars are sand cast steel parts.The surface cleaning and grinding of castings is mainly done manually,which has problems in efficiency,quality and comprehensive benefits.In this paper,the application of casting robot grinding is investigated,and the machine grinding process and production mode of bolster and side frame are studied.According to the product characteristics and grinding requirements of bolster and side frame,two ideas of machine tool and robot grinding are proposed.Machine tool mode grinding can be carried out by machine tool processing,driving the grinding wheel to do reciprocating motion,and also can add the machine tools with different functions to the different grinding positions of the castings as needed and lay out the process flow to complete the grinding of the bolster and side frame.The research and application of robot grinding mode has been very common,but there are still many technical and cost problems.This paper studies and analyzes various cases,and preliminarily designs the scheme and production line of robot grinding station.Comprehensive analysis shows that the cleaning and polishing with machine instead of human has many advantages in efficiency,benefit,quality and environmental protection,and has good economic and social benefits.