年青性染色体及鉴定方法

Identification Method of Nascent Sex Chromosomes

性染色体进化及性别决定机制是脊椎动物进化研究的热点,近些年更是提出了性别组学的概念。脊椎动物各类群的性别决定机制呈现出多种形式,尤其是具有年青性染色体系统的类群的演化模式更为多样。由于年青性染色体在核型形态上差异不大,传统的研究方法难以识别,因此本文从细胞遗传学方法、性染色体上的DNA序列/RNA序列及其表达、蛋白质表达等多个维度阐述了年青性染色体和性别决定系统的鉴定方法。在高通量测序技术的基础上结合基因组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学对性别决定系统进行更深层次的研究,从而形成性别组学,并最终解答性别决定的方式多样性及其背后的进化动力和分子途径。

Sex chromosome evolution and sex determination mechanism has always been the intriguing aspect in verte-brate evolution research.In recent years,the concept of sexomics has been put forward.The sex determination mecha-nisms vary in vertebrates,especially,the species with nascent sex chromosome have more diverse evolutionary patterns.However,it is hard to distinguish the karyotype of nascent sex chromosome using traditional methods.This article illus-trated the identification of sex-linked molecular markers and the decision scheme of sex determination system through mul-tiple dimensions,such as cytogenetic approach,DNA sequence in sex chromosome,the expression of RNA sequence,pro-tein expression and so on.The future research will head toward the formation of sexomics by conducting a deeper research on sex determination system based on high-throughput sequencing combined with genomics,proteomics and metabonom-ics.It is proposed that more model organisms and the evolutionary forces and molecular pathways underlying the evolution of sex determination will be found out.