废水中络合态重金属形态、去除机制及净化技术研究进展

Research progress on removal mechanism and purification technology of heavy metal complexes in wastewater

络合态重金属是一种由络离子与带有异电荷的离子组成的化合物,如K_(4)[Fe(CN)_(6)]、Cu-EDTA等,其种类多样、结构复杂。凭借其出色的杀菌、染色、催化、荧光等特性被更广泛应用于环境、制革、化学、材料多个领域。但是,络合态重金属稳定性强,适应pH范围广而难被降解,毒性、致病性极强,会通过土壤、水和空气的循环作用在自然环境和生物链中迁移和富集,对环境和生命健康造成危害。因此已有较多方法被应用于去除络合态重金属,但是目前的研究中,并未有综述全面概括络合态重金属的种类和各种去除方法。因此,本文总结了几种常见络合态重金属的研究进展,详细分析了多种络合态重金属去除技术的机理,综合其优点和局限性进行探讨。

Heavy metal complexesare composed of complex ions and hetero-charged ions,such as K_(4)[Fe(CN)_(6)],Cu-EDTA,etc,which possess diversified species and complicated structure.Due to their properties of excellent sterilization,dyeing,catalysis,fluorescence,heavy metal complexesare widely used in the environment,leather,chemistry,materials and other fields.However,it is difficult to have the complexes be degraded,because of their strong stability and broad pH range.In particular,heavy metal complexes exhibit strong toxicity and pathogenicity,which can be migrated and accumulated in the natural environment and biological chain driven by the circulation of soil,water and air,resulting in the harm to the environment and human health.Therefore,various methods have been applied to remove heavy metal complexes in the aquatic environment.But so far,the classifications and removal methods of heavy metal complexes have not been comprehensively summarized.In this review,we review the research progress of several common metal complexes by analyzing the frequently-used removal methods and mechanisms.Finally,the application advantages and limitations are discussed.