北京地铁S1线中低速磁浮车辆制动力响应优化

Optimization of Braking Force Response of Low-speed Magnetic Levitation Vehicles on Beijing Metro S1 Line

北京地铁S1线采用中低速磁浮车辆是国内首个开工建设并投入运营的通勤磁浮交通线路,列车制动系统主要由制动控制装置与基础制动装置组成。由于磁浮车辆的悬浮特性,其摩擦制动方式不同于一般城市轨道交通车辆的轮轨制动,而是采用制动夹钳驱动制动闸片抱夹走行轨,形成摩擦副产生制动力的方式。针对安装空间受限问题,考虑轻量化设计,中低速磁浮车辆采用气-液转换结构的液压制动器。运营初期普遍发现磁浮列车停车过程中,当运行速度低于电空制动转换点时,摩擦制动减速度发挥不稳定,在制动级位相同的情况下,随着闸片磨耗量、弹簧阻力的变化,实际输出的制动效率越低。本文分析了机械制动减速度不均匀问题的原因,提出了提高制动缸压力及增加预压力的优化方案,通过试验验证,可有效提高制动力响应性。

The medium and low speed maglev vehicles in Beijing metro Line S1 are the first commuter maglev transportation line in China that has been constructed and put into operation.The train braking system is mainly composed of brake control device and basic brake device.Due to the suspension characteristics of maglev vehicles,the friction braking mode of maglev vehicles is different from the wheel/rail braking of general urban rail transit vehicles.Instead,the brake clamp is used to drive the brake disc to hold the clamp to go along the rail,and the friction pair is formed to generate braking force.For the problem of limited installation space,the lightweight design is considered,the hydraulic brake with gas-liquid conversion structure is adopted for the medium and low speed maglev vehicle.In the early stage of operation,it is generally found that during the stopping of maglev train,when the running speed is lower than the electro-pneumatic braking transition point,the friction braking deceleration plays an unstable role.In the same braking stage,with the change of brake disc wear and spring resistance,the braking efficiency of the actual output is lower.In this paper,the causes of uneven deceleration of mechanical brake are analyzed,and the optimization scheme of increasing brake cylinder pressure and increasing pre-pressure is put forward.