大黄花虾脊兰内生真菌及土壤真菌的群落特征研究

Community characteristics of endophytic fungi and soil fungi in the Calanthe sieboldii

大黄花虾脊兰是列入我国《全国极小种群野生植物拯救保护工程规划》中亟待拯救的极小种群物种之一。内生真菌及土壤微生物是影响兰科植物生长繁育的重要因素,为摸清大黄花虾脊兰内生真菌及土壤微生物的群落特征,促进其种群扩繁,对采自安徽泾县大黄花虾脊兰开花期和果期的根、根际土、根围土进行了高通量测序,对所得序列进行聚类分析、α多样性分析、β多样性分析和LEfSe分析,探究不同时期下大黄花虾脊兰的内生真菌和土壤真菌的组成及多样性变化。结果:测序得到1127529条有效真菌序列,通过聚类分析将其划分为761个OTUs,分属于8门、93科、121属;Venn图分析发现根和土壤中有24个属的菌类属于共有真菌,植物根存在特有的菌类Phialocephala;在不同时期大黄花虾脊兰的优势菌群不同,花期和果期的优势内生真菌分别为Tulasnellaceae(15.68%)和Penicillium(56.75%),优势土壤真菌分别为Mortierella(12.19%)和Clitocybe(15.93%);优势内生真菌在根、根际土、根围土的三个不同的水平距离上,真菌丰度呈梯度性递减趋势;大黄花虾脊兰的微生境真菌群落在群落结构和组成上有明显的季节变化特征。

Calanthe sieboldii is one of the rare and endangered plant species which has been identified as an extremely small population in the national-level Implementation Plan of Rescuing and Conserving China’s Plants Species with Extremely Small Populations.Endophytic fungi and soil microorganisms are important factors affecting the growth and breeding of Orchidaceae.In order to find out the community characteristics of endophytic fungi and soil microorganisms associated with C.sieboldii,and to promote its breeding and propagation,the high-throughput sequencing was performed on the roots,rhizoplane soil and rhizosphere soil of C.sieboldii collected from Jingxian County,Anhui Province in flowering and fruiting.We performed Cluster analysis,Alpha diversity analysis,Beta diversity analysis and LEfSe analysis on the obtained sequences to explore the composition and diversity of endophytic fungi and soil fungi in different periods.The results showed that a total of 1127529 valid sequences of fungi were obtained by high-throughput sequencing,which divided into 761 OTUs by cluster analysis,belonging to 8 Phyla,93 families and 121 genera.Venn diagram analysis showed that 24 genera of fungi in the root and soil were common fungi,while Phialocephala only in the root of plants.The fungi of C.sieboldii had different dominant groups in different periods,with Tulasnellaceae(15.68%)and Penicillium(56.75%)being dominant in the flowering and fruiting period;the dominant soil fungi were Mortierella(12.19%)and Clitocybe(15.93%)respectively.The abundance of the dominant endophytic fungi showed a ladder-type decreasing tendency at three different horizontal distance from the root to rhizoplane soil and to rhizosphere soil.The community structure and composition of the microflora fungi community of C.sieboldii had noticeable seasonal variation in characteristics.