劳模运动缘起及其在苏区的实践

The Origin of Model Worker Movement and Its Early Development and Practical Experience in the Soviet Area

马克思关于劳动的基本论述为劳动模范运动的产生提供了理论依据。苏联建立后,将马克思主义劳动理论应用于国家治理当中,社会主义劳动竞赛由此出现,劳模运动开始初步实践。在中国共产党领导下,中国劳模运动伴随着劳动竞赛的开展,在中央苏区正式发轫。劳模运动在苏区的实践中形成了重视宣传动员工作、构建适应苏区社会的竞赛体系、初步形成劳动模范标准、建立劳动模范表彰机制等经验。这些经验的取得源自工农民主政权的社会制度基础,党、政与群众组织有力协作的社会支持,以及用新的态度对待新的劳动的思想动力。

Marx’s basic thesis on labor provided the theoretical basis for the generation of model worker movement.The Soviet Union applied the Marxist labor theory to national governance.After the establishment of the Soviet Union,Marxist labor theories were applied to the governance of the state,which led to the emergence of socialist labor competitions and the initial practice of the model worker movement.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,the Chinese model worker movement,accompanied with the development of labor competition,officially started in the Soviet Area.The Model Worker Movement in Soviet area has gained experiences in attaching importance to publicity and mobilization work,building a competition system adapted to the Soviet Union society,forming model labor standards initially,and establishing a model worker commendation mechanism.These experiences stem from the social institutional foundation of the democratic regime of workers and peasants,the social support of the strong cooperation between the party,the government,and mass organizations,and the ideological motivation of treating new labor with a new attitude.