空气的浮力与不连续性对密立根油滴实验测量值影响的定量分析

Quantitative Analysis on the Influence of Air Buoyancy and Discontinuity on the Measured Value of Millikan Oil Drop Experiment

密立根油滴实验通过测定带电油滴所带的电荷量来测定基本电荷的电荷量,并验证电荷的量子化效应.为了实验的方便,一些常用实验方法中将油滴所受空气浮力忽略,甚至忽略空气的不连续性对空气粘滞系数的影响,导致了测量结果的系统误差.基于静态法,定量讨论空气浮力及其不连续性对油滴电荷量测量结果的影响,发现忽略空气浮力所产生的相对误差不超过0.1%,而忽略空气的不连续性所产生的相对误差可以超过15%.因此,在实验中必须考虑空气的不连续性对空气的粘滞系数的影响,从而提高油滴带电荷量测量的精度.

The Millikan oil drop experiment can determine the basic charge by measuring the amount of electricity carried by the charged oil drop,and verify the quantization effect of the charge.For the convenience of the experiment,some common experimental methods ignore the air buoyancy of the oil droplet,or even ignore the influence of the discontinuity of air on the air viscosity coefficient,which leads to the systematic error of the measurement result.Based on the static method,in this work we quantitatively discuss the effect of air buoyancy and its discontinuity on the measurement results of the oil droplet electricity.It is found that the relative error caused by ignoring the air buoyancy does not exceed 0.1%,and the one caused by ignoring the air discontinuity can be more than 15%.Therefore,the influence of the discontinuity of the air on the viscosity coefficient of the air must be considered in the experiment,so as to improve the accuracy of the measurement of the charge amount of the oil droplets.