基于遥感生态指数的中国北方典型森林城市生态质量评价

Assessment on Ecological Quality of Typical National Forest Cities in Northern China Based on Remote Sensing Ecological Index

【目的】通过卫星遥感数据定量评估国家森林城市建设对城市生态质量的改善效果,以期丰富国家森林城市的评价体系。【方法】根据湿润度和城市规模的不同,在中国北方选取沈阳、呼和浩特和石河子3座有代表性的城市为研究对象,将它们的城区范围划分为建成区和规划建成区2部分。基于卫星遥感数据计算的遥感生态指数(remote sensing ecological index,RSEI),定量评估上述3座城市开展森林城市建设前后的建成区和规划建成区的生态质量,结合各城市的具体建设措施,开展生态质量变化的评价与归因分析。【结果】1)3座城市的RSEI在总体上表现为规划建成区比建成区高。沈阳和石河子建成区的RSEI都高于建设前,显示出森林城市建设对生态质量的改善作用比较明显,而呼和浩特受城市化带来的建筑用地扩展影响,建成区的RSEI比森林城市建设前略低。2)森林城市建设后,3座城市建成区内大部分区域生态质量得到了改善,部分边缘区域在城市化过程中生态质量有所下降。3)森林城市建设集中在建成区,通过对公园、水系两侧、道路两侧以及单位园区的绿化,改善了生态质量。由于工业用地和居住用地的持续开发,规划建成区的生态质量呈下降趋势。【结论】森林城市建设提高了城市的生态质量,在大规模的城市化发展中起到了重要的生态补偿作用。RSEI能较好地反映生态质量情况,丰富森林城市建设的评价体系。

【Objective】In order to enrich the evaluation system of national forest city,the improvement effects of national forest city construction on urban ecological quality were quantitatively evaluated based on satellite remote sensing data.【Method】According to the difference of humidity and city scale in northern China,Shenyang,Hohhot and Shihezi were selected.The urban areas of these three cities were further divided into the built-up area and the planning area.Remote sensing ecological index(RSEI)calculated from satellite remote sensing image was adopted to quantitatively evaluate the ecological quality of the built-up areas and planning areas before and after the construction of forest cities in the above three cities.Meanwhile,assessment and attribution analysis of changes in ecological quality were carried out in combination with the specific construction measures of each city.【Result】1)The RSEI for the above three cities was generally higher in planning areas compared with built-up areas.The RSEI of Shenyang and Shihezi built-up areas were higher than that before construction,which showed the improvements of forest city construction in Shenyang and Shihezi was obvious.However,the RSEI of Hohhot was slightly lower than that before forest city construction due to the expansion of buildings caused by urbanization.2)After the forest city construction,the ecological quality of most areas in the built-up areas of the above three cities has been improved,while some surrounding areas had declined in the process of urbanization.3)Forest city construction was concentrated in the built-up areas.Through the greening of parks,water systems,roads and garden,the ecological quality had been improved.In the planning areas,due to the expansion of industrial and residential land,the ecological quality showed a downward trend.【Conclusion】The construction of forest city improves the ecological quality and plays an important role in ecological compensation in the development of large-scale urbanization.RSEI can better reflect the ecological qual-ity and enrich the evaluation system of national forest city.