北方干旱缺水区城市生态环境用水供需特征及问题分析--以太原市区为例

Characteristics and Problem Analysis of Water Supply and Demand for Urban Environments in Arid and Water-deficient Regions of North China,Using the Taiyuan Urban Area as an Example

【目的】通过核算太原市市区生态环境需水量,探析生态环境用水增长过快的原因,提出改善生态环境用水的指导原则,为北方干旱缺水区城市生态环境用水管理提供参考。【方法】以太原市区为对象,采用功能法分别核算了城市河流、湖泊水体、绿地植被、城市清洁方面的生态环境需水量现状。【结果】太原市区生态环境需水总量为2.23×10^(8)m^(3)/a,实际供水未满足用水需求,缺少量达8.07×10^(7)m^(3)/a。【结论】基于太原市区各类生态环境用水的需求特征,认为生态环境用水增长过快的主要原因是过度的人工景观水体和人工绿地用水。鉴于太原市水资源的刚性约束,应坚持“以水定城、节水优先、自然修复”的生态环境用水原则,实施“严格管理需求侧、拓展荒野空间、强化生态节水”的对策。

【Objective】In the present study,we analyzed the reasons for the rapid growth of eco-environmental water consumption and proposed the principle of improving eco-environmental water usage through calculating the eco-environmental water requirement of Taiyuan urban area.We provide a scientific reference for urban eco-environmental water management in arid and water-deficient areas in northern China.【Method】A functional method was applied to calculate the urban eco-environmental water demands of rivers,lakes,landscapes,and city cleaning in Taiyuan urban area.【Result】The total urban eco-environmental water demand in Taiyuan urban area was 2.23×10^(8)m^(3)/a.However,the practical water supply was insufficient,with a deficit of 8.07×10^(7)m^(3)/a.【Conclusion】Based on the characteristics of various types of eco-environmental water demand of Taiyuan City,excessive water consumption on both artificial landscape and artificial green space were the main reason for the rapid growth of eco-environmental water use.Considering the rigid demands for water resources in Taiyuan,the principles of‘water determining urban development,water saving first,and depending on natural recovery’should be insisted on.Furthermore,strategies of‘strictly managing demand-side,expanding natural areas,and strengthening eco-environmental water saving’should be implemented.