东汉三公任期问题研究

A Study of the Tenure of the Sangong in the Eastern Han Dynasty

学界关于东汉时期三公任期缩短这一现象的认识并不完全正确。以统计学与传统考据学的方法考量东汉每朝三公平均任期后发现,“薨于位”“坐事免”等客观原因导致东汉中前期三公平均任期缩短。东汉后期(顺帝以后)三公平均任期缩短原因有三:皇帝刻意以阴阳灾异等借口操纵拥有选人之权的三公平衡各方势力之间的政治权力,顺帝朝经学复兴,顺帝朝阴阳灾异学说兴起。

The scholarly understanding of the phenomenon of the shortened tenure of the Sangong(Three Excellencies)in the Eastern Han Dynasty is not entirely correct.This paper examines the average tenure of the Sangong of each dynasty in the Eastern Han Dynasty with statistical approaches and traditional textual research methods.Objective reasons such as"passing away in office"and"resigning from office"led to the shortening of the average term of office of the three public servants in the early middle period of the Eastern Han Dynasty.In the late Eastern Han Dynasty(after Emperor Shun of the Han Dynasty),there were three reasons for the shortening of the average tenure of Sangong,namely:The emperor deliberately manipulating Sangong,who had the right to elect people under the pretext of yin and yang disasters so as to balance the political power among the various forces;The revival of classics in the period of Emperor Shun of the Han Dynasty;The rise of the theory of yin and yang disasters in the period of Emperor Shun of the Han Dynasty.