“帝都”失落与“京味”自觉——中外文人“互动”下的“文化北京”形塑

The Declining of“Imperial Capital”and the Occurrence of Beijing Flavor Consciousness——Shaping the Cultural Image of Beijing under the“Interaction”between Chinese and Foreign Scholars

“北京”是中外文人想象中国的重要方式,国际视野中北京形象的嬗变始终与华夏中国的整个国家形象相辅相成。法国作家谢阁兰率先在《勒内·莱斯》中,以北京“传奇轶事”建构了一个神秘莫测的“老北京”形象。海内外华人作家剔除隐含其中的西方中心主义色彩后,将其提升至整个华夏民族的“肉身”原型。经过辛亥革命等重大事变洗礼的“民国北京”,尤其在20世纪三四十年代更名为“北平”后,在文化教育领域发挥“关键优势”,遂使北京成为举世闻名的文化之都、教育之都、田园之都、艺术之都和平民之都,引发人们产生了深切的“北平情结”。作为对“京味文化”最早发生“自觉”并深谙其“味”的少数文人之一的郁达夫,则通过对“故都之秋”的品味流连揭示出“故都北平”独有的文化艺术神韵,与以“味”喻“美”的中国古代审美艺术传统接续,同时将“京味”升华为家国情怀的一种文化象征。

“Beijing”is an important image for Chinese and foreign scholars to imagine China in modern times.The French writer Victor Segalen,taking the lead in fabricating Beijing anecdotes in RenéLeys,the pursuit and aftertaste of“Beijing of the Republic of China”by Chinese writers at home and abroad,revealed the complex relationship between Beijing,the“imperial capital”and the“ancient/former capital.”As a result,Beijing became a typical representation of ancient rural China and the“physical prototype”of modern China.The consciousness of“ancient/former capital”represented by Beijing has also evolved into a“super-stable”factor in Chinese aesthetic tradition and an important cultural and psychological source of Chinese civilization.If we say that the old Beijing(Peiping)in the 1930s and 1940s left us the most beautiful“back,”then Yu Dafu fixed the most beautiful portrayal of this gorgeous back.