木质素衍生吸附材料及其在废水处理中的应用研究进展

Research progress on the preparation of lignin-derived adsorption materials and their application in wastewater treatment

木质素是一种广泛存在于植物中的天然酚类高分子,具有来源广泛、含氧官能团丰富、含碳量高等优点。对木质素进行修饰改性、复合、热解炭化能够获得性能优异的木质素衍生吸附材料,在废水处理中具有广泛的应用前景。本文对木质素的分子结构特点进行了概述,总结了木质素基吸附剂的种类及其制备方法,详细介绍了木质素基吸附剂的修饰改性方法,如金属离子、含N、O、S官能团表面修饰以及复合改性等,并综述了木质素基吸附剂在染料、药物、重金属废水处理中的应用研究。最后,对木质素衍生吸附材料目前存在的问题以及未来的研究方向进行了总结和展望,如何实现木质素衍生吸附剂的可控制备和规模化生产,提高吸附剂在实际环境中的适用性是未来的主要研究内容。

Lignin is a kind of natural phenolic polymer widely existing in plants,which has the advantages of extensive sources,rich oxygen-containing functional groups and high carbon content.Lignin-derived adsorption materials with excellent performance can be obtained by modifying,compounding and pyrolysis carbonization of lignin,which has a wide application prospect in wastewater treatment.In this paper,the structure and properties of lignin,and the types and preparation methods of lignin based adsorbents are described.The modification methods of lignin based adsorbents are analyzed in detail,such as surface modification with metal ions and functional groups containing N,O,S and composite modification.The application of lignin-based adsorbents in the adsorption of dyes,drugs,heavy metals and other pollutants in wastewater is also reviewed.Finally,the current problems of lignin derived adsorbents are summarized,and it is prospected for the future research directions.How to realize the controllable preparation and large-scale production of lignin derived adsorbents and improve the applicability of adsorbents in the actual environment is the main research content in the future.