河湟高僧道照(麴瞻)的唱导与琴学贡献研究

A Study on the Contribution of Daozhao(Qu Zhan),an Eminent Monk in Hehuang Region,to the Preach and Guqin

释道照是南朝刘宋时著名的唱导高僧,乃西平(今青海西宁)麴氏大族后人,生于前凉时期,年少便擅长书写,博通经史,十八岁时出家为僧,云游至南朝刘宋都城建康(今江苏南京)弘法,以善唱导而著称,为南朝宋初备受推崇、独步江南的唱导高僧。琴家麴瞻,西平人氏,通晓音律,善于琴论,为琴学理论著书立说,提出古琴音乐美学理论,以琴论闻名于史。学界多认为,南朝刘宋唱导高僧道照和琴家麴瞻实为一人,但因史料匮乏而未有相关论证。考诸史籍,在详述二者生平事迹与社会贡献的基础上,梳理出二者间的联系,均为南朝刘宋时人,同为西平人氏,麴氏之后,麴瞻又或为琴僧,因此二者盖为一人。河湟高僧道照(麴瞻)是两晋南北朝河陇高僧下江南弘法的代表,为佛教和古琴文化的弘扬作出了重要贡献。

Shi Daozhao,a famous preaching monk in the Liu Song Dynasty,was the descendant of the Qu family in Xiping(now Xining,Qinghai),born in the former Leung Period.When he was quite young,he exceled in calligraphy and was proficient in classics and history.After becoming a monk at the age of 18,he traveled to Jiankang(Nanjing City of Jiangsu Province)in order to propagate Buddhist teachings.Because of his excellent preach,he was well-known and highly respected at that time.Qu Zhan,a famous Guqin musician from Xiping,was well versed in the temperament and good at the theories of Guqin.He even wrote books on the study of Guqin and put forward the theory of Guqin music aesthetics,which is famous in history.Most scholars generally believe that Daozhao and Qu Zhan were actually the same person in the Liu Song Dynasty,but there is little relevant proof due to the lack of historical data.Through analyzing a large number of historical documents,the paper believes that they were descendants of the Xiping Qu family in the Liu Song Dynasty.Qu Zhan might be a monk musician,so it is probable that they were actually the same person.Daozhao(Qu Zhan),an eminent monk in Xiping,was a representative of Helong monks who went to the south of the Yangtze River to preach Buddhism in Jin,Northern and Southern Dynasties,who made a great contribution to the promotion of Buddhism and Guqin culture.