“识同”与“寻异”:浅谈清东陵文化发掘与保护的路径

Protection and Development of Minority Cultures from the Perspective of Manchu-Chinese Cultural Convergence and Specificity

清东陵是研究满族文化的宝库,也是中华民族文化融合历程的重要见证。因此,开展清东陵的文化发掘与保护具有极为重要的文化价值和学术意义。满族作为统治中国近三百年的少数民族,“满人汉化”一直是学术界研究的重要课题。如何认识满人汉化这一文化趋同性的过程以及满族作为少数民族怎样保持文化的特异性,应成为探索清东陵的文化发掘与保护的途径,并为保护少数民族文化提供启发。

Cultural convergence is the inevitable trend of social development,in which advanced cultures are constantly evolving as they merge the essence of backward cultures.Manchu ethnic minority group have characteristics that other ethnic minorities do not possess from their origin and composition to their political influence.In the process of Manchu Hanification,cultural convergence is the most distinct feature.The development history of Manchu Hanification is a process of conflict and integration in which the elimination of the early Manchu backward cultural customs,adoption of advanced Chinese cultural factors,the impact of genealogical culture on the Manchu ethnic minority group and the changes in the culture of Beijing Manchu people witness the inevitable cultural convergence development trends.The development of cultural convergence inevitably endangers cultural diversity,and how to protect the specificity of minority cultures poses challenges for academia.Ethnic identification is an important barrier to the protection of minority cultures,and it enhances ethnic identity through the will of the state.However,the solution to the problem at its roots is to find a way to restore the vitality of minority cultures by finding the source of national consciousness and using various legal and economic methods to rebuild vitality of minority cultures.