雅致与日常:宋代诗歌总集中的审美趋向 ——以《声画集》《草木虫鱼杂咏》为中心

Elegance and routinization:aesthetics in Poetry Collections in the Song dynasty:focusing on The Collection of Sound and Painting and The Chant Poems on Plants,Trees,Insects and Fish

宋代是中国审美发展史上的一个高峰,同时也是诗歌总集编纂的繁盛时期。宋代诗歌总集所反映的是以宋代诗人与诗集编纂者为代表的文人群体及其时代普遍的审美意志,从诗歌总集这一文本类别出发,我们能够进一步探究宋代美学的发展特征。相较于前代,宋代美学呈现了两种新的审美趋向,其一是雅致化,以文人审美为主导;其二是审美日常性,体现了对格物的注重。题画诗总集《声画集》的出现体现的是宋人对于诗画关系的注重以及文人审美精神;现存最早的咏物诗总集《草木虫鱼杂咏》的出现所反映的则是宋人对于日常审美的关注。宋韵是宋代文化精神风貌的概述性范畴,而宋代诗歌总集中的审美趋向,亦是宋韵文化的一种表现。

The Song dynasty was a great peak in the history of Chinese aesthetic development,and also a flourishing period of the compilation of poetry collections.The Song dynasty Poetry Collections reflect the general aesthetic will of the era and the literati groups represented by the Song poets and poetry anthology compilers.From the textual classification of the Poetry Collections,the development characteristics of aesthetics in the Song dynasty can be further explored.Compared with the previous dynasties,the aesthetics of the Song dynasty presented two new trends.One was to become elegant and the aesthetics was dominated by the literati groups;the other was the routinization of aesthetics,which reflected the attention to rules.China’s first collection of inscription poems on paintings,The Collection of Sound and Painting(Shenghua Ji),reflects people’s emphasis on the relationship between poetry and painting and the aesthetic spirit of the literati in the Song dynasty.The first collection of poems about objects,The Chant Poems on Plants,Trees,Insects,and Fish(Caomuchongyu Zayong),reflects people’s attention to daily aesthetics in the same period.Songyun is an overview category of the cultural features of the Song dynasty,and the aesthetic trends in the poetry collection of the Song dynasty are also the prominent manifestation of Songyun Culture.