清代史学的近代择受及重构论析

On the Modern Selection and Reconstruction of Historiography in Qing Dynasty

中国近代史学体系的形成,既是西方近代史学观念、理论和方法引进的结果,又是中国传统史学中近代因素择受和重构的结果。后者的选择和重构,往往是以前者为标准。清代史学(中叶以前)由于与近代(晚清民国)相接,得到更多学者的青睐,其近代因素获得了更多重构的机会。在传统史学的近代重构中,分别出现了同时期清代史学的近代重构和清代史学与其他朝代史学的重构两种现象。通过“知识考古学”的解析,还原史学重构的形成过程,进而探察史学近代转型中新知识体系建立的所由之路。

The formation of Chinese modern historiography system is not only the result of the introduction of western modern historiography concepts,theories and methods,but also the result of the selection and reconstruction of modern factors in Chinese traditional historiography.The historiography of the Qing Dynasty was favored by more scholars because of its connection with the modern times,and its modern factors gained more opportunities for reconstruction.Most of these phenomena can be subsumed under two broad categories.One is the result of"simultaneous reconstruction"in the Qing Dynasty,and the other is the result of"cross-generational reconstruction"between Qing Dynasty and other dynasty.