城市就业多中心化相关研究进展与述评

A review of urban employment polycentricity research

就业分布是城市空间结构的核心组成部分。当前,就业多中心化正在成为一个全球现象并主导着城市空间结构研究的范式转变,然而中国对这一主题的研究尚缺乏系统性探讨。论文在梳理中西方相关文献基础上,试图呈现城市就业多中心化的研究进展,以期为国内相关研究提供参考。首先,系统总结国内外城市就业集散与多中心化的地理格局与过程,重点回顾当前研究的共识与争论以及就业中心的生长动态与趋势。其次,从不同理论视角追踪城市就业集散与多中心模式演化的动力机制,关注空间政治经济学视角下就业多中心结构的形成机理,特别是空间规划与管治等制度因素和市场力量的相互作用。最后,从就业多中心化对城市空间结构、城市通勤的影响2个方面总结就业多中心化的空间效应。城市就业多中心模式演化为我们认知城市的空间增长逻辑提供了独特观察窗口,可以为中国城市转型与空间重构相关政策的制定提供决策参考。

Employment distribution is one of the key components of urban structure. Employment polycentricity is currently becoming a global phenomenon, leading the paradigm change of urban structure research around the world. However, this topic is covered by relatively few studies in China. Therefore, by browsing a large number of relevant publications, this article presented its research progress in order to provide a reference for studies on employment polycentricity in China. First, this article briefly introduced the geographical patterns and process of urban employment concentration/decentralization and polycentricity, focusing on reviewing the current consensus and debates, as well as dynamics and growth trends of employment centers. Second, it traced the mechanism of urban employment decentralization and its evolving polycentric patterns from different theoretical perspectives, with particular attention to the predominant forces on the formation of polycentricity through the lens of spatial political economy, especially interactions between the institutional factors of urban planning and governance and the market. Finally, the article summarized the consequences of employment polycentricity from two aspects: the impact on urban spatial features and on urban commuting. The evolution of urban employment polycentricity provides a unique view for us to understand the growth logic of urban space, which is significant for the policy making of urban transformation and spatial reconstruction of Chinese cities.