京津冀地区矿山排渣场植被演替规律

Research on the law of vegetation succession in mine slag dump in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

植被自然恢复演替过程对矿山废弃地人工辅助植被恢复设计与实施效果评价均具有重要的借鉴价值。为了探索京津冀地区矿山排渣场植被演替规律,以京津冀地区典型矿山为例,运用典型样地和样方法,在详细调查获取数据的基础上,分析矿山排渣场自然恢复50年内的植物多样性变化特征。结果表明:当年内植物多样性指数变化呈波浪状,先增加后减少,然后再增加;先锋植物为一年生草本植物,植物种群从藜→蒿草;植物种群变化可划分为6个阶段:一年生草本阶段→多年生草本阶段→灌草阶段→灌木阶段→灌木与林木混合阶段→林木阶段。可见,矿山排渣场植被自然恢复具有较强的规律性,基于植物自然演替规律,首年内宜种植一年生草本类植物,有利于促进矿山废弃地植被恢复进程。

Process of natural vegetation restoration succession had important reference value for the design and implementation effect evaluation of artificial assisted vegetation restoration in mine wasteland.In order to explore the vegetation succession law of mine slag dump in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,in this study,typical mines in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region were taken as an example,and based on detailed investigation and data acquisition,the characteristics of plant diversity change in the natural recovery of mine slag dump within 50 years were analyzed by using typical plots and sampling methods.The results showed that change of plant diversity index in the current year was wavy,first increased and then decreased,then increased again.The pioneer plant was panicum miliaceum,and the plant population changed from Chenopodium album to Artemisia annua.The change of plant population could be divided into six stages:annual herb stage→perennial herb stage→shrub stage→shrub stage→shrub and forest mixed stage→forest stage.It could be seen that the natural recovery of vegetation in mine slag dump had a strong regularity.Based on the natural succession law of plants,it was advisable to plant annual herbaceous plants in the first year,which was conducive to promoting the process of vegetation recovery in mine waste land.