盐碱地水稻最佳生长状态及产量的氮肥比例研究

Study on the Best Growth State and Yield of Rice in Saline-Alkali Soil

目的:为探究盐碱地水稻的最佳生长状态以及产量的最佳氮肥比例。方法:在本次研究中对试验的水稻进行5个氮含量的处理,即氮用量分别为0、60、120、180、240 kg/hm^(2),并将其分别表示为N_(0)、N_(60)、N_(120)、N_(180)、N_(240),将水稻在种植前和收获后,采取其0~100 cm的土壤样品,将其分为5层,采用环刀法的方式对土壤的容重进行测量;氮元素含量的测定方式为凯氏定氮法,磷元素含量的测定方式为钒钼黄比色法,钾元素含量的测定方式为火焰光度法。结果:和不进行施氮肥的水稻相比,进行氮肥摄入的水稻产量明显较高,P<0.05;对水稻进行不同比例氮肥的处理下,水稻的产量出现较为明显的差异,水稻的产量随着氮肥的增加而增加;对水稻进行适宜氮肥的摄入可以将水稻的有效穗数和穗粒数增加;且不同比例的氮肥摄入对水稻的氮肥利用率产生重要影响。结论:对水稻进行适宜氮肥的摄入,可以提高水稻植株的养分吸收总量,并增加抽穗期至成熟期的养分含量,增加水稻的产量,减少土壤中氮元素的残留和损失,具有较高的推广价值。

Object:To explore the best growth state of rice paddy in saline-alkali soil and the best nitrogen fertilizer ratio for yield.Method:In this study,five nitrogen content treatments were performed on the tested rice,that is,the nitrogen dosage was N0,60,120,180,240 kg/hm^(2),and they were expressed as N_(0),N_(60),N120,N_(180),N_(240),before planting and after harvesting,take the 0-100 cm soil sample of rice,divide it into 5 layers,and measure the soil bulk density by the ring knife method;the nitrogen content is determined by Kjeldahl Nitrogen method,determination method of forest element content is vanadium molybdenum yellow colorimetric method,and determination method of potassium element content is flame photometry.Results:Compared with the rice without nitrogen fertilizer,the yield of rice with nitrogen fertilizer intake was significantly higher,P<0.05;when the rice was treated with different ratios of nitrogen fertilizer,the yield of rice was significantly different.Increase with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer;suitable nitrogen fertilizer intake for rice can increase the number of effective panicles and grains per panicle;different nitrogen fertilizer ratios have an important impact on rice nutrient absorption;different ratios of nitrogen fertilizer intake affect rice Nitrogen utilization rate has an important impact.Conclusion:Appropriate nitrogen fertilizer intake for rice can increase the total nutrient absorption of rice plants,increase the nutrient content from heading to maturity,increase rice yield,and reduce the residual and loss of nitrogen in the soil.It has high promotion value.