基于表型性状的藜麦种质遗传多样性分析

Genetic diversity analysis of Chenopodium quinoa germplasm based on phenotypic traits

【目的】深入了解藜麦种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性,为藜麦种质资源分类保存和品种改良提供理论依据。【方法】对46份藜麦种质资源的28个表型性状进行观测,计算多样性指数和变异系数,并运用主成分分析和聚类分析方法,研究藜麦种质资源表型性状遗传多样性。【结果】参试材料中多样性指数最高的性状是主花序成熟期颜色和茎粗(多样性指数均为2.084),变异系数最大的是主花序长度(变异系数为41.17%)。主成分分析将28个表型性状简化为9个主成分,其累积贡献率为77.998%,其中贡献率较大的有株型、株高、茎粗、叶柄长、叶长、叶宽、叶基形状、主花序类型、花序紧密度、籽粒颜色、籽粒直径、籽粒表皮皂苷度、单株粒重、籽粒蛋白质含量14个性状,是造成藜麦表型差异的主要因素。聚类分析结果将46份藜麦种质资源划分为5类,其中类群Ⅰ产量性状最佳;将28个表型指标聚为4类。【结论】46份藜麦种质资源类型丰富,多样性程度较高,筛选出一批大籽粒、高粒重、极早熟、矮秆、高蛋白等优异资源,可以在育种和生产上进一步研究利用。

【Objective】This study understood the genetic diversity of phenotypic characteristics of Chenopodium quinoa germplasm resources to provide basis for classification,preservation and variety improvement of quinoa germplasm resources.【Method】A total of 28 phenotypic characteristics of 46 quinoa germplasm resources were observed and the diversity index and coefficient of variation were calculated.Then,the genetic diversity of phenotypic characteristics of quinoa germplasm resources was studied using principal component analysis(PCA)and cluster analysis.【Result】The traits with the highest diversity index were color and stem diameter of main inflorescence at maturity(both 2.084),and length of main inflorescence(41.17%)had the highest coefficient of variation.PCA simplified 28 phenotypic traits into 9 principal components with cumulative contribution rate of 77.998%.Among them,14 traits including plant type,plant height,stem diameter,petiole length,leaf blade length,leaf blade width,leaf shape of adult plant,branching type of main inflorescence,compact density of main inflorescence,grain color,grain diameter,grain epidermal saponin,grain weight per plant,grain protein concentration,with large contribution rates were the main factors causing the phenotypic differences of quinoa.By cluster analysis,46 resources were divided into 5 categories and groupⅠhad the best yield character.The 28 phenotypic indexes were grouped into 4 categories.【Conclusion】The studied 46 quinoa germplasm resources were rich in types and high in diversity.A number of excellent resources with large grain,high grain weight,very early maturity,short stem and high protein were selected for further study and utilization in breeding and production.