8种植物源农药对花椒蚜虫的田间防效

Control effect of eight botanical pesticides against Zanthoxylum bungeanum aphids in field

【目的】筛选出对花椒蚜虫防治效果好,对天敌昆虫损害小的植物源农药,为建立韩城花椒蚜虫的绿色防控技术提供参考。【方法】试验设置0.3%苦参碱AS(华禾克)500倍液、5%鱼藤酮ME(克甲达)500倍液、5%除虫菊素EC(馥兴)500倍液、0.4%蛇床子素SL(金名辉)500倍液、0.3%楝素SL(馥强)500倍液、0.5%藜芦碱SL(侬威)500倍液、0.3%苦参碱AS(天思帮)500倍液和0.3%苦参碱AS(宝稼康)500倍液8个药剂处理,以喷施等量清水为空白对照,于2020-2021年采用田间小区试验法进行花椒蚜虫的田间药效试验;2021年定时定点调查植物源农药防治花椒园和化学农药防治(喷施3%啶虫脒EC(天达)2000倍液、5%吡虫啉EC(天神)2500倍液)花椒园天敌昆虫的种类及数量动态。【结果】2020-2021年田间药效试验结果显示,5%除虫菊素EC(馥兴)500倍液对花椒蚜虫的防治效果最佳,其药后3和5 d的防效均在80%以上,药后7和14 d的防效均高达100%,显著高于其他药剂处理;0.3%楝素SL(馥强)500倍液处理药后5,7,14 d防效均在70%以上;0.3%苦参碱AS(宝稼康)500倍液处理药后5,7,14 d也表现出优良的防治效果。天敌昆虫的种类及数量调查结果显示,植物源农药防治花椒园和化学农药防治花椒园的天敌昆虫均为七星瓢虫和异色瓢虫,植物源农药防治花椒园的天敌昆虫数量明显多于化学农药防治花椒园,且天敌昆虫存在时间较化学农药防治花椒园长。【结论】推荐使用5%除虫菊素EC(馥兴)500倍液作为韩城花椒蚜虫绿色防控技术的首选药剂及剂量,0.3%楝素SL(馥强)、0.3%苦参碱AS(宝稼康)可以作为备选药剂,与5%除虫菊素EC(馥兴)交替使用,以延缓花椒蚜虫抗药性的产生。

【Objective】This study screened botanical pesticides with good control effect against Zanthoxylum bungeanum aphid and less damage to natural enemy insects to provide guidance for the development of green prevention and control technology in Hancheng.【Method】A total of 8 botanical pesticides including 0.3%Matrine AS(Huaheke),5%Rotenone ME(Grammeda),5%Pyrethrin EC(Fuxing),0.4%Osthole SL(Jin minghui),0.3%Melialidin SL(Fuqiang),0.5%Veratrine SL(Nongwei),0.3%Matrine AS(Tiansibang)and 0.3%Matrine AS(Baojiakang)were diluted 500 times for field trails in 2020 and 2021 using water as blank control.In 2021,the natural enemy insects were investigated in fields with biological pesticides control and chemical pesticides control(3%Acetamiprid EC(Tianda),2000 times dilution and 5%Imidacloprid EC(Tianshen),2500 times dilution).【Result】The two-year field efficacy test showed that 5%Pyrethrin EC(Fuxing)had the best control effect of over 80%at 3 and 5 days after application and 100%after 7 and 14 days.The control effect of 0.3%Melialidin SL(Fuqiang)was above 70%at 5,7 and 14 days after application.The treatment with 0.3%Matrine AS(Baojiakang)also showed excellent control effect 5,7 and 14 days after application.The survey results showed that natural enemy insects were Coccinella septempunctata and Harmonia axyridis in gardens treated by both biological and chemical pesticides.The quantity and duration of insects in biological controlled garden were superior to those in chemical controlled garden.【Conclusion】It was recommended to use 5%Pyrethrin EC(Fu-xing)500 times solution for the prevention and control of Zanthoxylum bungeanum as the first choice for green control technology,while 0.3%Melialidin SL(Fuqiang)and 0.3%Matrine AS(Baojiakang)could be used as alternative pesticides for 5%Pyrethrin EC(Fuxing)to delay the emergence of resistance.