美国对台战略模糊的清晰化及其极限:以“与台湾交往法”的出台为例

The Clarity and Limit of the US Strategic Ambiguity Policy on the Taiwan Question:A Case Study on the Taiwan Travel Act

美国对台战略模糊政策在中美关系正常化的交锋过程中逐步成型,其核心是将威慑与保证融为一体,从而维持台海和平稳定的现状。冷战结束后,美国对台战略模糊政策开始发生摇摆。尤其是特朗普执政时期,中美关系中战略竞争的一面急剧上升,美国对台政策出现了再度战略清晰的迹象。“与台湾交往法”是特朗普政府在中美战略博弈升级背景下对于美台互动进行“政策更新”的产物。然而,美国对台战略模糊政策的清晰化存在固有界限,“一个中国政策”仍然是规锁美台互动的基本框架。

The strategic ambiguity policy of the U.S.on the Taiwan Question was gradually formed during the normalization of China-U.S.relations.The goal of this policy was to integrate deterrence and assurance,so as to maintain the peaceful and stable status quo of relations across the Taiwan Strait.Since the end of the Cold War,the U.S.government began to modify its strategic ambiguity policy.When the China-U.S.strategy competition became increasingly tense during the Trump administration,the U.S.strategic ambiguity policy toward Taiwan again tended to steer to strategic clarity.The introduction of the Taiwan Travel Act is a result of the Trump administration enacting policy changes under the context of the escalation of China-U.S.strategic competition.However,there is an inherent boundary in the U.S.’s strategic clarity policy toward Taiwan,and its“One China policy”still serves as the fundamental framework to regulate interactions between the U.S.and Chinese Taiwan.