苏轼“应势适情”之政治伦理思想探微

A Probe into Su Shi’s Political Ethics Thought of“Adapting to the Situation and Feeling”

苏轼政治伦理思想一方面来自儒道之承学,另一方面则来自北宋的政治现实,在二者的双重作用下,苏轼以“道”“性”为形上依据,通过论证道与物的辩证关系以及人性本无善恶的观点,得出以“时势”和“人情”为标准的政治原则。在政治践履方面,苏轼认为应以“变通”的方式应对时势,以“礼”的手段引导人情,最后导向“善治”,即“天下之所同安”的理想状态。苏轼的政治伦理思想以“应势适情”为特色,包含着对经权变通的深度思考和对人本主义的坚守,为后世所接受、推崇与效法。

Su Shi’s political ethics thought can be originated from Confucianism on the one hand,and the political reality in the northern Song Dynasty on the other hand.With the influence of these two aspects,Su Shi took“Dao”and“nature”as the metaphysical basis,disscussed the dialectic relationship of Dao and things,promote the view that human nature is neither good nor evil,and finally made the conclusion that political principle should base on the time and human feeling.In the aspect of political practice,Su Shi proposed to respond to the situation in a flexible way,guide human feelings by means of courtesy,and finally lead to the ideal state of“good governance”,that is,“all under heaven are at peace”.Su Shi’s political ethics thought is characterized by“adapting to the situation and feeling”,which contains the deep thinking of the flexibility of the right and the adherence to humanism,and has been accepted,respected and imitated by later generations.