文彦博所说“为与士大夫治天下”并非天子与士大夫“共治天下”

Wen Yanbo Said,“To Govern the World for Scholasr-Officials”Not the Emperor and the Scholar-Officials“Ruling the World Together”

熙宁四年三月,宋神宗与文彦博、王安石等大臣进行了一场非常著名的对话。宋神宗说:“更张法制,于士大夫诚多不悦,然于百姓何所不便?”文彦博说:“为与士大夫治天下,非与百姓治天下也。”目前,学界一般都认为文彦博所说“为与士大夫治天下”是指天子与士大夫“共治天下”,甚至认为宋朝士大夫与天子“共治天下”之说即始于此。从文字释义和对话语境来看,文彦博的原意实际上是:天子“是替(为,wèi)士大夫治理天下,而不是替(为,wèi)百姓治理天下”。天子与士大夫“共治天下”之说源于汉宣帝所说:“与我共此(按‘此’即‘治天下’)者,其惟良二千石乎!”东晋孝武帝朝的冀州刺史刘波、宋真宗朝的龙图阁待制张知白、宋仁宗朝的知谏院包拯也都是这样认为的。

In March of the fourth year of Xi’ning(1071),Emperor Shenzong had a famous dialogue with Wen Yanbo,Wang Anshi and other ministers.Emperor Shenzong said:“The reform of the legal system is much displeasing to the scholar-officials,but what inconvenience to the common people?”Wen Yanbo said:“To govern the world for the literati,not with the people.”At present,the academic circle generally thinks that Wen Yanbo’s“governing the world for the literati”means that the emperor and the literati“jointly governing the world”,and even thinks that the Song Dynasty literati and the emperor“jointly governing the world”started from this.Judging from the content of philology and dialogue,the original intention of Wen Yanbo is actually that the Emperor“governs the world for the literati and officials,not for the people”.The idea of the emperor and the literati“jointly governing the world”originated from Emperor Xuan of Han Dynasty,who said,“If you share this with me(according‘this’to‘governing the world’),will have 2,000 Dan)!”Liu Bo,Jizhou governor of Emperor Xiaowu of the Eastern Jin Period,Zhang Zhibai,Longtu Pavilion of Emperor Zhenzong,and Bao Zheng,Zhijianyuan of the Emperor Renzong all thought so.