论中国古代多京体系中的两京主体制

On the System of the Two Capitals in Ancient China’s Multiple Capitals System

两京主体制发源于殷商,此后经历了东西平衡型和南北平衡型两个发展阶段。东西平衡型两京主体制是中国古代多京体系下两京主体制的主要形式。它肇始于西周,中历两汉、新朝,直至隋、唐等朝代;元、明、清三代则实行了较明显的南北平衡型两京制。两京主体制一般伴随着形式、完整程度有所不同的政治体制双套制。两京主体制的形成主要有政治、经济、军事、文化、自然条件等方面的原因。由于两京主体制在中国古代长期存在,古人已形成了较成熟的两京观念和较高的对两京主体制的认同度。两京的交通是一件重要的事情,特别是皇帝来往于两京之间,不但规模宏大、礼仪隆重,还需建有大量行宫等。

The system of the two capitals originated in the Yin Dynasty,and has since undergone two stages of development:the east-west balanced system and the north-south balanced system.The east-west balanced system was the main form of the system of the two capitals in the multiple capitals system of ancient China.It began in the Western Zhou Dynasty and continued through the Han and New Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties;the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties had a more obvious north-south balanced system.The system of the two capitals was generally accompanied by a dual system of political institutions with different forms and degrees of integrity.The formation of the two capitals system was mainly due to political,economic,military,natural conditions and cultural factors.Because of the long existence of the two capitals system in ancient China,the ancient people had developed a more mature concept of the“two capitals”and a higher degree of recognition of the two capitals system.Transport between the two capitals was an important matter,especially as the emperor travelled between them,not only on a large scale and with great ceremony,but also with a large number of palaces and so on.