论元末文人对魏晋风度的追慕与超越——以雅集为中心

On the Literati’s Admiration and Transcendence of the Demeanour of Wei and Jin Dynasties in Later Period of Yuan Dynasty:Take the Literati Party as the Center

元末文人追慕魏晋风度,刘仁本主持的续兰亭诗会和顾瑛主持的玉山雅集最具代表性。两者的相同之处在于文人乐于群居相切磋,追求自由,托迹山林。参与兰亭雅集的东晋文人疏离政治是因为皇权衰落,高门士族把持朝政,具有很强的贵族性质。元末文人对此有所超越,参与者不分等级、民族、宗教信仰,诗歌强调抒发性情,追求个体的独立品格。在集体主义文化背景下,文人的这两次追求自由与独立具有特别的意义。

The literati admire the demeanour of Wei and Jin Dynasties in later period of Yuan Dynasty,and the most representative phenomenon is the literati party presided by Liu Renben and Gu Ying.The similarities between the two are that the literati are willing to live and interact with each other,and they like to be close to nature,with the pursuit of freedom.Because the imperial power decline and the high gentry hold the government in Eastern Jin Dynasty,the literati alienate politics which represents a very strong aristocracy.The literati surpass this in later period of Yuan Dynasty,for the participants are regardless of hierarchical,ethnic or religious beliefs.Their poetry emphasizes the expression of temperament,and the literati pursue individual independent character.The two pursuits of freedom and independence of the literati are of special significance in the context of collectivism culture.