明清易代时期的时代焦虑与文学表达——以《清夜钟》《照世杯》《云仙笑》为中心

Anxiety and Literary Expressions in the Period of the Dynasty Replacement of Ming and Qing Dynasties——Centered on Qingyezhong,Zhaoshibei and Yunxianxiao

明清易代之际文人充满了一种整体的焦虑情绪,这种情绪影响到了话本小说的创作。《清夜钟》《照世杯》和《云仙笑》是明清易代时期出现的三部话本小说集,这些小说从不同方面表现了易代之际的时代焦虑,是时代剧变在文学领域的一种投射,是时代情绪表达的文学方式。《清夜钟》直接表现了时代焦虑情绪;《照世杯》聚焦于普通人的现实生活,揭露存在于现实生活中各色人等的丑陋行止,以烛照世道人心;《云仙笑》则关注易代之际下层人的命运悲辛。上述三部小说集,从不同侧面描绘了明清易代之际的时代焦虑,上至帝王将相,下至贩夫走卒,不同的角色在末世的背景下,显示出躁动不安的时代情绪。这些作品正是鼎革之际时代情绪在文学上的表现。

The replacement of Ming and Qing Dynasties was full of an overall anxiety,which affected the creation of vernacular novels.Qingyezhong,Zhaoshibei and Yunxianxiao are three collections of vernacular novels during the Dynasty replacement.These novels show the anxiety of the times in different aspects.They are a projection of the fusion of the times in the field of literature and a literary way of expressing the emotions of the times.Qingyezhong directly expresses the anxiety of the times;Zhaoshibei focuses on the real life of ordinary people,reveals the ugly behavior of all kinds of people in real life,and shines on the hearts of the world with candles;Yunxianxiao focuses on the tragic fate of the lower class at the time of the Dynasty replacement.The above three novel collections depict the anxiety of the times at the time of the change of the Ming and Qing Dynasties from different aspects,from emperors and generals to traffickers and pawns.Different characters show a restless mood of the times under the background of the end of the world.These works are the expression of the mood of the times in literature at the time of the great revolution.