当事人虚假陈述的证据法规制——以新《民事诉讼证据规定》第63-66条为中心

The Evidence Law Regulations of the Parties’False Statements:Focusing on Articles 63-66 of Provisions on Evidence in Civil Procedures

民事诉讼中虚假陈述屡禁不止,不仅扰乱了法庭秩序,浪费司法资源,还极大地损害了当事人的合法权益。2020年5月,修改后的《民事诉讼证据规定》正式实施,不仅明确了当事人负有真实陈述义务,完善了询问当事人制度,还规定了虚假陈述的处罚措施。实施两年间,新规发挥了明显的功效,但也暴露出处罚标准不一、程序保障不足等问题。因此,应当在询问当事人的范围内,科学界定虚假陈述的概念,检视虚假陈述责任承担的启动方式和处罚标准,并在单一的公法制裁之外,探讨通过各种程序保障,更好地对虚假陈述进行规制。

In civil litigation,false statements happened frequently,which disrupted the court order,wasted judicial resources,and greatly damaged the legitimate rights and interests of the parties.In May 2020,The newly revised"Provisions on Evidence in Civil Procedures"came into effectofficially.The new regulations clarify that the parties have the obligation to make true statements,improve the system of questioning parties,and also stipulate penalties for false statements.During the two years of implementation,the new regulations have played a significant role,but also exposed problems such as different punishment standards and insufficient procedural guarantees.Therefore,it is necessary to scientifically define the concept of false statement within the scope of litigant enquiry,and review the starting procedure and punishment standard of the responsibility for false statement.Finally,in addition to a single public law sanction,explore various procedural safeguards to regulate misrepresentation better.