高校“开除学籍”处分的性质及解决对策

The Nature and Countermeasures of the Disposal of Expulsion from College

高校作为被授权的事业组织,行使“开除学籍”处分并非意味着其性质就是“行政处分”,法律上对“处分”表述过于笼统,导致对其性质的理解存在学理和裁判分歧,法律及规章中相关概念并不统一。《中小学教育惩戒规则》首次明确了“教育惩戒”的定义,但在法律层面付之阙如,“惩戒”表述更未适用于高等教育阶段。亟待在法律上以“惩戒”取代“处分”,统一各阶段教育法规中“教育惩戒”概念,明确“开除学籍”的性质是“教育惩戒”中的“身份类纪律性惩戒”,同时将“教育与惩戒相结合”原则上升至《高等教育法》,再授权规章对可以“开除学籍”的情形予以细化,推进部门规章及高校规范性文件的合宪性审查,合理规制高校行使“开除学籍”惩戒权的恣意,为教育法法典化厘清概念性质之争。

As an authorized institution,the execution of'expulsion of school status'does not mean that it is'administrative sanction'.The legal expression of'disposition'is too general,resulting in theoretical and judicial differences in understanding its nature,and the relevant concepts in laws and regulations are not uniform.For the first time,the definition of'Educational Punishment'has been made clear by'Educational Punishment Rules for Primary and Secondary Schools',but it is not applicable to higher education at the legal level.It is urgent to replace'punishment'with'disposition'in law,unify the concept of'education punishment'in all stages of education laws and regulations,and clarify that the nature of'College Disposition Right of Expulsion'is'identity disciplinary punishment'in'education punishment'.At the same time,the principle of'combination of education and punishment'is upgraded to'Higher Education Law',and then the regulations are authorized to refine the circumstances that can be'College Disposition Right of Expulsion,promote the constitutional review of departmental regulations and normative documents of colleges and universities,and reasonably regulate the arbitrariness of colleges and universities in the exercise of the right of'College Disposition Right of Expulsion'.To clarify the dispute of the nature of the concept for the codification of education law.