积极老龄化视阈下政府扶持与民办养老机构发展——基于动态演化博弈的分析

Government Support and the Development of Private Elderly Care Institutions under the Perspective of Active Aging—An Analysis Based on Dynamic Evolutionary Game

党的十九届五中全会提出要实施“积极老龄化”国家战略,是否以及如何扶持民办养老机构发展是积极老龄化的重要课题。通过构建政府和民办养老机构两个行为主体的演化博弈模型,基于实地调研和文献研究刻画双方的行为策略和博弈参数,结果显示政府应积极扶持民办养老机构的发展,民办养老机构自身应主动提高其软硬件水平,双方才能收益最大化。政府的积极扶持是“有为政府”确证性表现,其实质是满足整体老年人口的养老需求和权益保障,这正是我国坚持老年人民主体地位以及回应民办养老机构准公共价值的具体表征和价值意涵。进而提出政策导向要基于“主体积极老龄化”,加强养老服务多元责任主体协同共生和功能互补发展模式,推动机构养老的“有效市场”建设,提高养老资源利用率,实现养老公共价值的整体提升。

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee proposed to implement the national strategy of“active aging”,so whether and how to support the development of private elderly care institutions is an important issue in active aging context.By building an evolutionary game model between government and private elderly care institutions,based on field research and literature review,we get the behavioral strategies and gaming index of both sides.The results show that the government should actively support the development of private elderly care institutions and private elderly care institutions should actively improve their hardware and software in order to maximize the benefits of both sides.The government’s active support is a confirmatory manifestation of“well-functioning government”,the essence of which is to meet the needs of elderly care and to guarantee the rights and interests of the overall elderly population.This is the specific nature and value connotation of China’s insistence on the main position of the elderly people and the response to the quasi-public value of private elderly care institutions.In turn,we proposed that the policy orientation should be based on“active aging of the main body”,strengthening the synergy and symbiosis of multiple responsible bodies of elderly services,as well as to adhere to the functional complementary development model,to promote the construction of“effective market”and the utilization rate of elderly resources,so as to attaining the overall improvement of the public value of elderly care.