“革命”的内涵与变形:一项全球思想史的考察

The Connotation and Transformation of the Idea of Revolution:An Investigation from the Perspective of Global Intellectual History

欧洲语境中的革命观念,最初只具有周期性地向过去的政治制度回归的特点。17世纪中期时,“革命”开始具有线性的、剧烈的政治变动的含义,逐渐接近“革命”的现代意涵。英国内战之后,革命观念日益世俗化,主宰革命的力量不再是上帝,而是理性和科学。法国大革命的爆发,催生出体现了剧烈变动、总体性和普遍性的现代革命观念。海地革命的成功,赋予了革命观念反帝国主义、反殖民主义、反种族主义等新的内涵。从时间和空间的角度考察革命观念的产生与变形,可以明确现代革命观念不只是欧洲的产物,也不只是产生于欧洲的革命观念全球传播的结果,它是源自欧洲的革命观念与不同地方因素彼此影响、相互成就的混合之物。

The idea of revolution in the European context was initially characterized by a periodic return to the past political system.In the mid-17th century,it began to have the meaning of linear,violent political changes,gradually approaching the modern meaning of revolution.After the English Civil War,the idea of revolution became secularized when the power that dominated the revolution was no longer God,but reason and science.The outbreak of the French Revolution gave birth to a modern idea of revolution that embodied drastic changes,totality and universality.The success of the Haitian Revolution has given the idea of revolution new connotations such as anti-imperialism,anti-colonialism and anti-racism.Investigating the emergence and transformation of the idea of revolution from the perspective of temporality and spatiality,we can make it clear that the modern idea of revolution is more than the product of Europe or the result of the global dissemination of European idea of revolution.It is a mixture of the idea of revolution in Europe and different local elements that affect and shape each other.