王逸《楚辞章句》与东汉安帝朝政坛

WANG Yi’s Annotation on The Songs of Chu and the Political Situation in Emperor An’s Reign

东汉王逸的《楚辞章句》,是《楚辞》学奠基之作,也是汉代文学批评史的重要著作。在汉安帝朝约20年里,不论前期太后临朝,还是后期安帝亲政,政治闇乱,佞幸当道。但政坛多骨鲠之士,兴起了苦口诤谏,甚至直言讥刺的峻烈士风。朝廷重视广开言路,鼓励直言极谏。王逸在这样的时代氛围里,身为校书郎,在校定典籍中发明思想。同样是依经论骚,他迥然不同于此前扬雄和班固的明哲保身,而对屈原的讽谏精神给予高度的推崇。任东观著作郎、校书郎的南阳刘氏宗室在编撰汉家礼仪时发挥《春秋繁露》“公子无去国之义”的思想,强调刘氏宗族护卫大汉江山社稷的责任,这影响了王逸首次阐发屈原“同姓无去国之义”的理念。

WANG Yi’s Annotation on The Songs of Chu not only laid a foundation for the study of The Songs of Chu,but was also significant in the history of literary criticism in the Han Dynasty.During Emperor An’s reign that lasted for around two decades,the political situation was messy and sycophantic.In the court,however,many ministers were brave enough to admonish the emperor severely.The imperial court encouraged political criticism.In such an atmosphere,as a collating officer,WANG Yi developed his thought while collating classic books.Different from the moderation of YANG Xiong and BAN Gu,WANG highly praised QU Yuan’s spirit of satire.The royal family in Nanyang emphasized the responsibility of protecting the country of the Han Dynasty by developing the idea that“the sons of Duke had no righteousness to leave the country”from Chuqiu Fanlu while compiling ritual propriety of the Han Dynasty.This affected WANG to elaborate for the first time on QU Yuan’s idea that people with the same surname of Chu would be not righteous to leave the country.