基于底栖动物群落季节性变化的北运河水环境监测评价

Monitoring and Evaluation of Water Environment in North Canal Based on Seasonal Changes of Macro⁃invertebrates

于2019年春季、夏季和秋季对北京地区的北运河12个采样点位的底栖动物和水环境理化因子进行了研究.运用香农威纳指数(Shannon-Wiener index)等方法,分析底栖动物群落特征,结果表明:三个季节中,底栖动物物种数平均值均为3.00种,密度平均值分别为2333.00 ind./L、1020.00 ind./L和270.00 ind./L,香农威纳指数平均值为1.44、1.33和1.31,均匀度指数(Pielou index)平均值为0.54、0.57和0.66.典范对应分析表明,影响春季底栖动物的主要环境因子为氨氮,影响夏季底栖动物的主要环境因子为总氮和溶解氧,影响秋季底栖动物的主要环境因子为氨氮和高锰酸钾指数.整体综合分析可知,北运河水体呈中度污染.

The physicochemical factors of macroinvertebrate and water environment at 12 sampling sites of the North Canal in Beijing in the spring,summer and autumn of 2019 were studied.Based on Shannon-Wiener index and other methods,the mac⁃roinvertebrate community was analyzed.The results show that in the three seasons,the average number of macroinvertebrate spe⁃cies was 3.00,and the average density was 2333.00 ind./L,1020.00 ind./L and 270.00 ind./L,the mean values of Shannon-Weiner index were 1.44,1.33 and 1.31,and the mean values of Pielou index were 0.54,0.57 and 0.66.Canonical correspon⁃dence analysis results show that the main environmental factors affecting macroinvertebrate fauna were ammonia nitrogen in spring,total nitrogen and dissolved oxygen in summer,and ammonia nitrogen and potassium permangnate index in autumn.The overall comprehensive analysis shows that the water of North Canal is moderately polluted.