T细胞在慢性鼻窦炎中的作用机制

Inflammatory mechanisms of T cells in chronic sinusitis

慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)的基本病理特征为鼻窦黏膜的慢性炎症反应,其发病机制尚未完全阐明,但目前认为免疫应答紊乱及免疫细胞分化异常密切相关。已有研究表明,各种亚型的T细胞及其分泌的炎性因子都对CRS的发生发展具有一定的推动作用。Th1细胞介导细胞免疫,Th2细胞介导体液免疫,CRS患者体内存在Th1和Th2细胞比例失衡,当Th2免疫活性过度增高,造成Th2细胞浸润鼻黏膜局部,Th2细胞分泌的IL-4在鼻黏膜组织和血清中的含量明显增加。IL-4可以对Th1细胞产生抑制作用,让T细胞与B细胞的相互作用得到增强,进一步促进体液免疫应答。本文重点对CD4^(+)T细胞、CD8^(+)T细胞在CRS中的发生机制进展进行综述分析。

The basic pathological feature of chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)is chronic inflammatory reaction of the nasal sinus mucosa.The pathogenesis of CRS has not been fully elucidated,but it is believed that the disorder of immune response and abnormal differentiation of immune cells are closely related.Previous studies have shown that various subtypes of T cells and their secretion of inflammatory factors play a certain role in promoting the occurrence and development of CRS.Th1 cells mediate cellular immune responses and Th2 cells mediated humoral immunity.The proportion of Th1 and Th2 cells in CRS patients is unbalanced.When the Th2 immune activity was excessively increased,Th2 cells infiltrated into the nasal Mucosa;the levels of IL-4,secreted by Th2 cells,were significantly increased in Nasal Mucosa and serum.IL-4 can inhibit Th1 cells,and enhance the interaction between t cells and B cells,which will further promote the humoral immune response.In this paper,the mechanism of CD4^(+)T cells and CD8^(+)T cells in CRS was reviewed and analyzed.