电子束流促进冶金过程中夹杂物迁移去除的研究现状

Research status of electron current on inclusion removal in metallurgical process

夹杂物的去除一直是材料冶金行业研究的焦点问题.经过几十年的发展,传统的冶金除杂技术不能完全满足现代工业生产的需求,仍需要不断探索和研发新的除杂技术.近年来,在合金熔体中施加电子束流强化夹杂物迁移去除的冶金技术因具备清洁高效的特点受到了广泛关注.这种夹杂物去除技术的主要机制有与密度差相关的物相分离机制、流体动力学机制,以及与电性能相关的电迁移机制、电磁挤压力机制、电自由能驱动机制和扩散双电层理论等.依据这一类原理,形成并发展了一系列先进的施加电子束流强化冶金除杂的技术,如连续电流除杂技术、脉冲电流除杂技术、电子束冶金除杂技术等.在此基础上,本文就电子束流对冶金过程中夹杂物去除的影响及相关技术和机理进行了综述,对未来该研究的方向及趋势进行了展望.

The removal of inclusions has always been a focus of research in the materials and metallurgy industry.After decades of development,the traditional metallurgical technology can’t fully meet the needs of modern industrial production.It is necessary to continuously explore and develop new impurity removal technologies.The metallurgical technology that enhances the removal of inclusions by external electron beam current has attracted wide attention in recent years due to its clean and efficient characteristics.In the field of metallurgical technology for inclusion removal enhanced by external current,the removal mechanism of inclusions mainly includes the phase separation mechanism based on density difference,hydrodynamic mechanism,electromigration mechanism,electromagnetic pinch force mechanism,electric current free energy drive mechanism and diffusion electric double layer theory related to electrical properties,etc.According to these principles,a number of advanced metallurgical technologies for inclusion removal enhanced by external current have been formed and developed,such as continuous current impurity removal technology,pulse current impurity removal technology,electron beam melting technology and so on.This paper summarizes the removal mechanism of inclusions in the current⁃strengthened metallurgy technology and related technologies,and prospects the direction and trend of future research.