大理国五方佛塔模与金刚界曼陀罗五方佛信仰

Ancient Dali Five-Dhyani-Buddha Pagoda Models and Vajra-dhatu Mandala

大理崇圣寺千寻塔和弘圣寺塔出土了几件大理国时期亭阁式和密檐式的塔模,在塔基部位分别雕有东方阿閦佛、南方宝生佛、西方无量寿佛和北方不空成就佛,四方佛与中间代表主塔的大日如来佛构成五方佛。形象生动的五方佛是金刚界曼陀罗信仰的主要特征,代表着深厚的内涵和不同的寓意。

Several pieces of pavilion-style and multi-eave tower models of ancient Dali were excavated from Qianxun Pagoda and Hongsheng Pagoda of Chongsheng Temple. The model bases are carved with Five Dhyani Buddhas,i.e.,Akshobhya of the East,Ratnasa. mbhava of the South,Amitabha of the West,and Amoghasiddhi of the North,and Mahāvairocana in the middle,which are the main features of Vajra-dhatu Mandala and carry profound connotations and different implications.