论绿色技术转移国际法制度中的非国家行为体

On Non-state Actors in the International Law System of Green Technology Transfer

绿色技术转移国际法制度运行不畅的症结在于跨国公司、非政府组织等非国家行为体的缺位、错位与越位。发达国家履行其国际承诺不力,原因在于绝大多数绿色技术的实际所有者是跨国公司。应构建更为公平的绿色技术转让国际法制度,并通过国际法与国内法互动机制,促使发达国家将其在诸多国际条约中的承诺以国内法形式落实,通过非政府组织的积极参与,推动发达国家的跨国公司向发展中国家进行有效的技术转让。以PPP模式为代表的市场化机制可以激发跨国公司转让绿色技术的自发性。非政府组织等非国家行为体影响力的过度膨胀导致定位偏差与功能越位,其应以软性方式协调南北国家观念差异,并发挥智力来源作用推动技术转让。构建人类命运共同体理念下的绿色技术转移国际法制度具有丰富的中国元素,中国在“一带一路”倡议、RCEP等实践中的贡献在全球范围通过技术溢出方式已经展示出了积极的技术转让效果与较好的示范效应。

The reason why international legal regime on green technology transfer has failed to work is the absence,dislocation and offside of non-state actors such as transnational corporations and non-governmental organizations.The fact that most green technologies have been owned by transnational corporations makes it impossible for developed countries to perform their international commitments.A more fair green technology transfer system of international law should be set up.Through the international law and domestic law interactive mechanism,it will encourage them in many developed countries to implement the international treaty commitment in the form of domestic law.And the active involvement of government can push the multinational companies of developed countries to developing countries for effective technology transfer.Market mechanism represented by PPP may stimulate the spontaneity of transnational corporations to transfer green technologies voluntarily.The influence of non-governmental organizations has increased excessively,which has caused function offside.They shall reconcile the interest conflicts between the South and the Northin a soft way,and give play to the role of intelligence source to promote technology transfer.International legal regime on green technology transfer under the concept of building a community of a shared future for mankind is full of Chinese elements.China's contribution to the Belt and Road Initiative and RCEP has produced positive effects in form of technology spillover and demonstrated a good example in the field of green technology transfer.