技术生命周期评价进展及其在碳中和领域应用趋势分析

Progress of technology life cycle assessment and its application trends in carbon neutrality

技术生命周期评价可为技术改进、科学决策及碳中和提供方法支撑。利用CiteSpace软件研究了近20年技术生命周期评价研究特点、变化趋势、重点领域、演进路径及其在碳中和领域的研究进展。结果表明:技术生命周期评价相关文献出版量整体呈上升趋势,2006年以后进入快速发展阶段;发文主要集中在工程学、生态学、环境科学、环境工程、其他理工学科、能源与燃料和绿色可持续发展技术等学科。生命周期评价的研究对象、评价方法及应用是近年来的研究热点,能源生产技术、碳足迹及废物处理技术是技术生命周期评价的研究重点,体系、模型、框架、不确定性等方面是评价方法完善要点,方法适用性开发和综合性评判成为后续发展方向,提高可持续、效能、决策支撑的有效性是提高生命周期评价技术应用的突破点。碳足迹的生命周期评价可用于指导碳中和目标的实现及路径选择,将其他评估方法与生命周期评估相结合正在成为一种趋势,可提升技术全面综合评估的准确性及有效性,为实现碳中和目标提供有效参考。

Technology life cycle assessment(TLCA)can provide methodological support for technological improvement,scientific decision-making and carbon neutrality.CiteSpace software was used to study the research characteristics,changing trends,key areas and evolution paths of TLCA and its research progresses in the field of carbon neutralization in recent 20 years.The results showed that the number of published literature related to TLCA was rising,and had entered a rapid development stage since 2006.The papers mainly focused on Engineering,Ecology,Environmental Science,Engineering Environmental,Science&Technology:Other Topics,Energy&Fuels,Green&Sustainable Science&Technology.The research object,evaluation method and application of TLCA were research hotspots in recent years.The energy production technology,carbon footprints and waste treatment technology were the research focus of TLCA.System,model,framework,uncertainty and other aspects were the key points to improve the evaluation method.Applicability development and comprehensive evaluation of methods became the follow-up development direction.Improving the effectiveness of sustainability,efficiency and decision support was the breakthrough to improve the application of TLCA.Carbon footprint LCA could be used to guide the realization and path selection of technology carbon neutralization goals.The combination of LCA system and other assessment methods was becoming a trend,which could improve the accuracy and effectiveness of comprehensive assessment of technology and provide an effective reference for achieving the goal of carbon neutrality.