公司对外担保中债权人审查义务的裁判逻辑研究

A Study on the Judgment Logic of Creditor's Obligation of Examination in Corporate External Guarantee

越权担保效力如何及其衍生出的债权人是否负有审查义务是公司对外担保纠纷争议焦点。通过对相关案例的裁判进行数据分析发现,相关司法裁判的逻辑主要是根据债权人身份类型不同,对债权人审查义务的要求也不同。《公司法》第16条、控股股东是否签字或盖章、债权人是否善意等是司法裁判的逻辑连接点。据此,应针对不同的债权人主体建立不同的审查标准,从而确立一般民事主体的一般审查标准、一般商主体的合理审查标准和金融机构的严格审查标准,由此,使得债权人审查义务更加清晰、明确、可操作。

The effectiveness of the ultra vires guarantee and its derived question that whether the creditor has the obligation of examination are the focus of corporate guarantee dispute.After the data analysis of relevant cases,it is found that the logic of judicial judgment is mainly based on the types of the creditors'status according to which the re-quirements of examination obligation vary.Article 16 of the Company Law,whether the controlling shareholder signs or seals and whether the creditor knows it are the logical connection points of judicial judgment.Therefore,different exam-ination standards should be set up for different creditor subjects such as general examination standards for general civil subjects,reasonable examination standards for general commercial subjects and strict examination standards for financial institutions so that creditors'obligation of examination will be clearer,more explicit and more operable.