优质强筋小麦新麦45的遗传基础解析

Genetic Basis Analysis on the New Wheat Variety Xinmai 45 of High Quality and Strong Gluten

为明确优质强筋小麦新品种新麦45的遗传基础,利用小麦55 K SNP芯片对新麦45及双亲新麦26和济麦20进行全基因组扫描并分析,以探究新麦45的遗传构成。结果表明,亲本新麦26和济麦20对新麦45的遗传贡献率在全基因组水平上差异较大,新麦26对新麦45的遗传贡献率为62.28%,高于济麦20的遗传贡献率(37.72%);新麦26在B基因组和D基因组上遗传贡献率均高于济麦20,而在A基因组上新麦45遗传了济麦20较多的遗传物质;在不同染色体上,双亲对新麦45的遗传贡献率差异较大,其中新麦26在1 B、1 D、2 B、2 D、4 B、5 A、5 B、5 D、7 B染色上遗传贡献率远高于济麦20,而济麦20在2 A染色体上的遗传贡献率(90.71%)远高于新麦26;在新麦45双亲的染色体较大遗传片段中,新麦26的较大遗传片段多于济麦20,而新麦45在2 A、6 A、6 B染色体上获得了更多济麦20染色体较大遗传片段,新麦45有明显偏向选择。本研究在分子水平上为强筋小麦新品种新麦45的遗传改良和标记辅助育种提供了理论参考。

In order to clarify the genetic basis of the new wheat variety Xinmai 45 of high-quality and strong gluten,the whole genome of Xinmai 45 and its parents Xinmai 26 and Jimai 20 were scanned and analyzed by wheat 55 K SNP chip to explore the genetic composition of Xinmai 45.The results showed that the genetic contribution rates of the parents Xinmai 26 and Jimai 20 to Xinmai 45 were quite different at the genome-wide level.The genetic contribution rate of Xinmai 26 to Xinmai 45 was 62.28%,which was higher than that of Jimai 20,with the contribution rate of 37.72%;The genetic contribution rate of Xinmai 26 in B genome and D genome was higher than that of Jimai 20,while Xinmai 45 inherited more genetic material of Jimai 20 in A genome;On different chromosomes,the genetic contribution rate of both parents to Xinmai 45 was quite different,of which the genetic contribution rate of Xinmai 26 on 1 B,1 D,2 B,2 D,4 B,5 A,5 B,5 D and 7 B chromosomes was much higher than that of Jimai 20,while the genetic contribution rate(90.71%)of Jimai 20 on chromosome 2 A was much higher than that of Xinmai 26;Among the larger genetic segments of the chromosomes of both parents of Xinmai 45,Xinmai 26 had more larger genetic segments than Jimai 20,while Xinmai 45 obtained more large genetic fragments of Jimai 20 chromosomes on chromosomes 2 A,6 A and 6 B,and Xinmai 45 had obvious biased selection.This study provided a theoretical reference for the genetic improvement and marker-assisted breeding of a new strong gluten wheat variety Xinmai 45 at the molecular level.