《四书》评点的早期发生史及其学理界定

Early History of Commentary on Four Books and Its Academic Definition

《四书》评点兴起于明代中期,但其发生史的早期脉络深蕴于宋元以来的经书阅读和圈点之中。彼时学者们的经书点画研读方式和经书出版范例对包括《四书》评点在内的经书评点的流行有直接激发作用。景星的《四书集说启蒙》在明代正统年间已有“批点”,具备一定的评本形态。至明代正德时期,“伪作”《苏评孟子》广泛传播,《四书》评点正式登上中国评点史和《四书》学史的舞台。考察《四书》评点的早期发生史,可以发现其一直存在于中国古典评点史的肌理之中,对“文”的追求也呼应了评点的本体性要求。

The commentary on Four Books emerged in the middle of the Ming Dynasty,but its early trace can be tracked down in the classics reading and punctuating since the Song and Yuan Dynasties,which,together with the classics publication notes,directly promote the popularity of commentary on classics,including Four Books.Elementary Reading of Four Books by Jing Xing has had some comments in it in the years of Zhengtong(1436-1449),the Ming Dynasty.When i t comes to the years of Zhengde(1506-1521),the pseudo-graph Suxun's Commentary on Mencius is widely spread,and the commentary on Four Books comes in the history of Chinese classical commentary and the study of Four Books.Investigation into the early history of commentary on Four Books shows that it has always existed in the texture of the history of Chinese classical commentary,and the pursuit of literature also echoes the ontological requirements of commentary.