《人民日报》大气污染报道(1996-2020)的话语变迁研究

Discourse Change in Air Pollution Reports of People's Daily(1996-2020)

对《人民日报》大气污染报道进行历时性话语研究,有助于理解官方主流媒体针对重大环境风险的报道策略及其演变。以“人民日报图文数据库”中相关报道为样本,从文本特征、议题设置、意义建构三方面展开内容分析,并讨论其话语取向和社会功能。《人民日报》重点关注以北京为代表的重点区域,表现出“正面→中性→正面”的态度变化和“五年周期、秋冬为重”的频率模式;客观报道了严峻的污染形势,报道重点实现了“从政府形象到公众幸福感与国家形象”和“从个人与企业污染行为到基本制度性因素”的双重转变;体现出坚持正面报道、走向监督共治与国家叙事、转型生态文明的话语取向,发挥了引导理性认知、凝聚社会共识、促进全面治理的社会功能。

A diachronic discourse study on air pollution reports in People's Daily is conducive to understanding the official mainstream media coverage strategy for major environmental risks and its evolution.The related reports from the “People's Daily Image-text Database”are taken as samples for textual analysis in terms of the text characteristics,topic setting and meaning construction and their discourse orientation and social functions are discussed.People's Daily focuses on the key regions represented by Beijing,showing a change of attitude from positive to neutral and to positive and a frequency pattern of taking five years as a cycle and highlighting the two seasons of autumn and winter.The reports objectively disclose the severe air pollution,realizing the double changes from government image to public welfare and state image and from the emphasis on individual and enterprise pollution action to the emphasis on institutional factors.It reflects the discourse orientation of adhering to positive reports,moving towards supervising co-governance and national narrative,and transforming ecological civilization.And it also plays the social function of guiding rational cognition,gathering social consensus,and promoting comprehensive governance.