用户需求驱动下的家具产品设计方法

Research on design methods of furniture products driven by user demands

家具产品作为人类生活空间中的重要载体,一直受到用户广泛关注,了解用户需求有助于设计师精准开发符合目标用户的家具产品。基于上述背景,为了提高家具产品的设计个性化与人性化及规范企业生产开发流程,提出一种用户需求驱动下的家具产品设计方法。笔者集成Kano、AHP和AD理论应用于床头柜研发中,首先,通过设计调研得出16项用户需求,并运用Kano对其进行属性划分;其次,引入AHP法求解不同属性用户需求权重值,明确收纳空间合理、造型美观、播放音乐、保护隐私和便捷充电为相对重要的用户需求;再次,为了匹配生产中的设计参数,基于AD理论的独立性公理原则完成床头柜功能域与设计域之间的映射,通过矩阵逐步判断设计合理性和最优解,明确企业量化生产的工程技术;最后,应用三维建模软件制作床头柜效果图,并对概念方案进行设计评估,结果表明,该方法指导下的床头柜设计能极大满足用户需求,可为同类家具产品开发提供新思路。

As a particularly important carrier in human living space, furniture products have received extensive attention from users since ancient times. A sufficient understanding of user needs can help designers to accurately develop furniture products that meet target users. According to the introduction of the previous background, in order to fully improve the personalization and humanization of furniture design and standardize the production and development process of enterprises, the authors of this study proposed a furniture design method driven by user needs. The authors mainly integrated the Kano model, Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and Axiomatic Design(AD) theory and applied it to the design and development of the bedside tables. Firstly, 16 initial user needs were obtained through the design research, and the authors used the Kano model to classify these user needs by attributes, mainly dividing these 16 user needs into necessary attributes, desired attributes, attractive attributes, inverse properties, and indifference attributes. Secondly, the authors introduced the AHP method to calculate the weight value of user needs of different attributes and make it clear that having a reasonable storage space, perfect appearance, having the function of playing music, and protecting the privacy of users and convenient and quick charging were relatively important user needs. Again, in order to accurately match the design parameters and engineering parameters in the production process, based on the axiom of independence principle of the AD theory, the relatively important user requirements were transformed into functional requirements, so as to complete the mapping between the functional domain and the design domain of the bedside table, and judge the rationality and optimal solution of the design step by step through the three matrices of the diagonal matrix, triangular matrix and general matrix, intuitively showing the engineering technology of quantitative production of enterprises, and helping enterprises to process and produce bedside cabinets in batches using engineering technical parameters. The bedside table design under the guidance of the method can greatly meet the needs of users. Through the authors’ sufficient theoretical research and design practice, it can be proved that this method can provide innovative reference ideas for the design and development of the same type of furniture products.