面向认证的美国高校工程教育组织与管理机制研究——基于教育机制理论的视域

Research on the Organization and Management Mechanisms of Engineering Education based on Program A ccreditation Within Colleges and Universities of the United States:from the Perspective of Educational Mechanism Theory

为了应对工程教育专业认证,高校内部亟需进行适时的组织与管理创新,建立相应的机制。本研究基于教育机制理论,运用案例研究法,从层次、功能和形式三个方面分析美国高校工程教育组织与管理机制,主要得出以下结论:在层次机制方面,美国高校的工程院系通过整合评价管理组织,建立了院/系级评价管理体系。在功能机制方面,制定了教师激励机制,引领教师参与质量保障;制定了教师发展政策,开展新聘教师培训、引领新聘教师成长,建立专门组织机构、促进教师专业发展,制定了学生发展政策,具备了不同层次的教育评估制度基础。在形式机制方面,呈现出以“监督服务”为主导、“指导服务”和“行政计划”为辅的融合式管理特色。在工程教育专业认证视域下,美国高校兼具整合性与协同性、应变性与自创性的管理特性,兼具积极性与主动性、保守性与应对性的政策理念,兼具院系、专业和课程的工程教育质量保障制度基础,为我国工程教育改革提供了重要启示。

In order to cope with the program accreditation of engineering education, it is urgently necessary to carry out timely organization and management innovation within universities and establish corresponding mechanisms. Based on Sun’s Educational Mechanism Theory, this study analyzes the organization and management mechanism of engineering education within case colleges and universities of the United States from three aspects, i.e., level, function and form. The main conclusions are as follows: In terms of the level mechanism, the engineering departments of colleges and universities have established college-level and department-level evaluation management system by integrating evaluation management organization. In terms of the functional mechanism, teacher incentive mechanism has been formulated to lead teachers to participate in quality assurance;teacher development policy has been formulated, new-hired teacher training has been conducted, the growth of new-hired teachers has been developed, specialized organizations have been established to promote teacher professional development, and student development policy has been formulated;different levels of education evaluation systems have been established. In terms of the formal mechanism, it presents the characteristics of integrated management with “supervision service” as the leading role, “guidance service” and “administrative plan” as the supplement. From the perspective of the program accreditation of engineering education, American colleges and universities not only have integrated and coordinated, but also adaptable and innovative characteristics;not only have enthusiastic and initiative, but also conservative and responsive strategy philosophy;have the system foundation of quality assurance in engineering education including departments, majors and courses, which provides important inspiration for the reform of engineering education in China.