芦笋雄性两性株的外部形态特征研究

Research on Morphological Characteristics of the Andromonoecious Plants of Asparagus officinalis L.

芦笋是典型的雌雄异株植物,自然条件下,芦笋有3种基因型:雌性(mm)、雄性(Mm)、超雄性(MM);4种表现型:雌株、雄株、超雄株、两性株。芦笋雄株产量比同期相同生长条件的雌株高25%以上,可利用超雄株与雌株杂交开展全雄育种。利用雄性两性株自交可以获得超雄株,从而培育芦笋全雄新品种。本文对芦笋雄性两性株的根、茎、叶、花、果实及种子等6个外部形态特征进行了研究,为下一步全雄育种工作提供参考。

Asparagus officinalis L. is a dioecious plant. It has three genotypes(mm, Mm and MM) and four phenotypes(female plants, male plants, super-male plants and andromonoecious plants). The yield of male plants was over 25% higher than female plants. All-male breeding could be carried out by crossing super-male plants with female plants. Supe-rmale plants can be obtained by selfing of andromonoecious plants, so as to cultivate new all-male varieties. The roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds ofandromonoecious plants were studied to lay the foundation for the next all-male breeding.